本經與巴利聖典《增支部》第10集第24經之《大純陀經》(《Mahācundasuttaṃ》)的內容完全相同。

    本經是由一位阿羅漢周那尊者(南傳譯為大純陀尊者)對諸比丘的開示。這篇經文並不長,重點是:真正有修行的人一定都很低調謙卑,不會對他人明示或暗示自己的成就;就如同真正的有錢人一定都很低調儉樸,不會到處招搖炫富,以免惹禍上身。

選譯自《中阿含經》第90經《知法經》

喬正一白話譯於西元2016/8/2農曆630日八關齋戒日

    我是這樣聽聞的:

    曾有一次,佛在古印度的拘舍彌這個國家遊方,並暫時住在瞿師羅園林裡。

    當時,阿羅漢周那尊者是這樣告訴諸比丘的:「若是有比丘對外宣稱:『我已知法、見法,已無貪婪慾望。』然而,這名比丘實際上卻處處表現出愛計較、貪得無厭的樣子;

    又或者,他宣稱他沒有瞋怒,但老是到處跟人家發生爭執、點燃戰火、慳嫉欺誑、諛諂而無慚無愧;

    又或者他說他沒有惡欲、惡邪見,但,實際上卻心生惡欲、惡邪見。

    以上,大家就應該明白這名比丘表裡不一,實際上並沒有真正的修行。

    各位賢友!就好比明明是沒有錢的人,卻到處吹噓誑稱自己是有錢人;明明就沒有土地,對外卻說自己坐擁很多的土地;明明就沒有牲畜,卻說自己有很多的牲畜…….。結果,一旦有急用時,卻沒有半毛錢可以救急。

    此人的親朋好友也都譏笑他虛榮,打腫臉充胖子。

    為什麼這名比丘會這樣?這是因為這名比丘的心並沒有真正依遠離、依無欲、依滅(滅盡貪瞋痴)、向於捨(無餘涅槃)。

  諸位賢友!假設有比丘很低調謙卑,不會對外明示或暗示自己的成就,但實際上這名比丘確實知諸法,已無貪欲、瞋恚、愚痴,少欲知足。這樣的比丘,才是真正的沙門。

    諸位賢友!就好像有的人明明很有錢,卻對外低調儉樸;明明有很多的土地,卻不會對外炫耀;明明有很多的牲畜,卻不張狂。

    但此人的親朋好友都誇稱此人才是真正的有錢人。

    為什麼這名比丘會受人敬重?這是因為這名比丘的心真得依遠離、依無欲、依滅(滅盡貪瞋痴)、向於捨(無餘涅槃)。」

    當諸比丘聽聞周那尊者所說的法,都心生歡喜,並依法奉行。

原文/

中阿含90/知法經(穢品)
  我聞如是:
  一時,佛遊拘舍彌,在瞿師羅園。
  爾時,尊者周那告諸比丘:
  「若有比丘作如是說:『我知諸法所可知法而無增伺。』然,彼賢者心生惡增伺而住。如是,諍訟恚恨、瞋纏不語結、慳嫉欺誑、諛諂無慚無愧、無惡欲惡見,然,彼賢者心生惡欲惡見而住。諸梵行人知彼賢者不知諸法所可知法而無增伺,所以者何?以彼賢者心生增伺而住。如是,諍訟恚恨、瞋纏不語結、慳嫉欺誑、諛諂無慚無愧、無惡欲惡見,所以者何?以彼賢者心生惡欲惡見而住。
  諸賢!猶人不富,自稱說富;亦無國封,說有國封;又無畜牧,說有畜牧,若欲用時,則無金銀、真珠、琉璃、水精、琥珀,無畜牧、米穀,亦無奴婢。諸親朋友往詣彼所而作是說:『汝實不富,自稱說富;亦無國封,說有國封;又無畜牧,說有畜牧,然,欲用時,則無金銀、真珠、琉璃、水精、琥珀,無畜牧、米穀,亦無奴婢。』如是,諸賢!若有比丘作如是說:『我知諸法所可知法而無增伺。』然,彼賢者心生惡增伺而住。如是,諍訟恚恨、瞋纏不語結、慳嫉欺誑、諛諂無慚無愧、無惡欲惡見,然,彼賢者心生惡欲惡見而住。諸梵行人知彼賢者不知諸法所可知法而無增伺,所以者何?以彼賢者心不向增伺盡、無餘涅槃。如是,諍訟恚恨、瞋纏不語結、慳嫉欺誑、諛諂無慚無愧、無惡欲惡見,所以者何?以彼賢者心不向惡見法盡、無餘涅槃。
  諸賢!或有比丘不作是說:『我知諸法所可知法而無增伺。』然,彼賢者心不生惡增伺而住。如是,諍訟恚恨、瞋纏不語結、慳嫉欺誑、諛諂無慚無愧、無惡欲惡見,然,彼賢者心不生惡欲惡見而住。諸梵行人知彼賢者實知諸法所可知法而無增伺,所以者何?以彼賢者心不生惡增伺而住。如是,諍訟恚恨、瞋纏不語結、慳嫉欺誑、諛諂無慚無愧、無惡欲惡見,所以者何?以彼賢者心不生惡欲惡見而住。
  諸賢!猶人大富,自說不富;亦有國封,說無國封;又有畜牧,說無畜牧,若欲用時,則有金銀、真珠、琉璃、水精、琥珀,有畜牧、米穀,亦有奴婢。諸親朋友往詣彼所,作如是說:『汝實大富,自說不富;亦有國封,說無國封;又有畜牧,說無畜牧,然,欲用時,則有金銀、真珠、琉璃、水精、琥珀,有畜牧、米穀,亦有奴婢。』如是,諸賢!若有比丘不作是說:『我知諸法所可知法而無增伺。』然,彼賢者心不生惡增伺而住。如是,諍訟恚恨、瞋纏不語結、慳嫉欺誑、諛諂無慚無愧、無惡欲惡見,然,彼賢者心不生惡欲惡見而住。諸梵行人知彼賢者知諸法所可知法而無增伺,所以者何?以彼賢者心向增伺盡、無餘涅槃。如是,諍訟恚恨、瞋纏不語結、慳嫉欺誑、諛諂無慚無愧、無惡欲惡見,所以者何?以彼賢者心向惡見法盡、無餘涅槃。」
  尊者周那所說如是,彼諸比丘聞尊者周那所說,歡喜奉行。

巴利語經文
AN.10.24/ 4. Mahācundasuttaṃ 
   24. Ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā mahācundo cetīsu viharati sahajātiyaṃ. Tatra kho āyasmā mahācundo bhikkhū āmantesi– “āvuso bhikkhave”ti. “Āvuso”ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato mahācundassa paccassosuṃ. Āyasmā mahācundo etadavoca– 
   “Ñāṇavādaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu vadamāno– ‘jānāmimaṃ dhammaṃ, passāmimaṃ dhamman’ti. Tañce, āvuso, bhikkhuṃ lobho abhibhuyya tiṭṭhati, doso… moho … kodho… upanāho… makkho… paḷāso… macchariyaṃ… pāpikā issā… pāpikā icchā abhibhuyya tiṭṭhati, so evamassa veditabbo– ‘nāyamāyasmā tathā pajānāti yathā pajānato lobho na hoti, tathāhimaṃ āyasmantaṃ lobho abhibhuyya tiṭṭhati; nāyamāyasmā tathā pajānāti yathā pajānato doso na hoti… moho… kodho… upanāho… makkho… paḷāso… macchariyaṃ… pāpikā issā… pāpikā icchā na hoti, tathāhimaṃ āyasmantaṃ pāpikā icchā abhibhuyya tiṭṭhatī’ti. 
   “Bhāvanāvādaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu vadamāno– ‘bhāvitakāyomhi bhāvitasīlo bhāvitacitto bhāvitapañño’ti. Tañce, āvuso, bhikkhuṃ lobho abhibhuyya tiṭṭhati, doso… moho… kodho… upanāho… makkho… paḷāso… macchariyaṃ… pāpikā issā… pāpikā icchā abhibhuyya tiṭṭhati, so evamassa veditabbo – ‘nāyamāyasmā tathā pajānāti yathā pajānato lobho na hoti, tathāhimaṃ āyasmantaṃ lobho abhibhuyya tiṭṭhati; nāyamāyasmā tathā pajānāti yathā pajānato doso na hoti… moho… kodho… upanāho… makkho… paḷāso … macchariyaṃ… pāpikā issā… pāpikā icchā na hoti, tathāhimaṃ āyasmantaṃ pāpikā icchā abhibhuyya tiṭṭhatī’ti. 
   “Ñāṇavādañca, āvuso, bhikkhu vadamāno bhāvanāvādañca– ‘jānāmimaṃ dhammaṃ, passāmimaṃ dhammaṃ, bhāvitakāyomhi bhāvitasīlo bhāvitacitto bhāvitapañño’ti. Tañce, āvuso, bhikkhuṃ lobho abhibhuyya tiṭṭhati, doso… moho… kodho… upanāho… makkho… paḷāso… macchariyaṃ… pāpikā issā… pāpikā icchā abhibhuyya tiṭṭhati, so evamassa veditabbo– ‘nāyamāyasmā tathā pajānāti yathā pajānato lobho na hoti, tathāhimaṃ āyasmantaṃ lobho abhibhuyya tiṭṭhati; nāyamāyasmā tathā pajānāti yathā pajānato doso na hoti… moho… kodho… upanāho… makkho… paḷāso… macchariyaṃ… pāpikā issā… pāpikā icchā na hoti, tathāhimaṃ āyasmantaṃ pāpikā icchā abhibhuyya tiṭṭhatī’ti. 
   “Seyyathāpi āvuso, puriso daliddova samāno aḍḍhavādaṃ vadeyya, adhanova samāno dhanavāvādaṃ vadeyya, abhogova samāno bhogavāvādaṃ vadeyya. So kismiñcideva dhanakaraṇīye samuppanne na sakkuṇeyya upanīhātuṃ dhanaṃ vā dhaññaṃ vā rajataṃ vā jātarūpaṃ vā. Tamenaṃ evaṃ jāneyyuṃ– ‘daliddova ayamāyasmā samāno aḍḍhavādaṃ vadeti, adhanova ayamāyasmā samāno dhanavāvādaṃ vadeti, abhogavāva ayamāyasmā samāno bhogavāvādaṃ vadeti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tathā hi ayamāyasmā kismiñcideva dhanakaraṇīye samuppanne na sakkoti upanīhātuṃ dhanaṃ vā dhaññaṃ vā rajataṃ vā jātarūpaṃ vā’ti. 
   “Evamevaṃ kho, āvuso, ñāṇavādañca bhikkhu vadamāno bhāvanāvādañca– ‘jānāmimaṃ dhammaṃ, passāmimaṃ dhammaṃ, bhāvitakāyomhi bhāvitasīlo bhāvitacitto bhāvitapañño’ti. Taṃ ce, āvuso, bhikkhuṃ lobho abhibhuyya tiṭṭhati, doso… moho… kodho… upanāho… makkho… paḷāso… macchariyaṃ… pāpikā issā… pāpikā icchā abhibhuyya tiṭṭhati, so evamassa veditabbo – ‘nāyamāyasmā tathā pajānāti yathā pajānato lobho na hoti, tathāhimaṃ āyasmantaṃ lobho abhibhuyya tiṭṭhati; nāyamāyasmā tathā pajānāti yathā pajānato doso na hoti… moho… kodho… upanāho… makkho… paḷāso… macchariyaṃ… pāpikā issā … pāpikā icchā na hoti, tathāhimaṃ āyasmantaṃ pāpikā icchā abhibhuyya tiṭṭhatī’ti. 
   “Ñāṇavādaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu vadamāno– ‘jānāmimaṃ dhammaṃ, passāmimaṃ dhamman’ti. Tañce, āvuso, bhikkhuṃ lobho nābhibhuyya tiṭṭhati, doso… moho… kodho… upanāho… makkho… paḷāso… macchariyaṃ… pāpikā issā… pāpikā icchā nābhibhuyya tiṭṭhati, so evamassa veditabbo– ‘ayamāyasmā tathā pajānāti yathā pajānato lobho na hoti, tathāhimaṃ āyasmantaṃ lobho nābhibhuyya tiṭṭhati; tathā ayamāyasmā pajānāti yathā pajānato doso na hoti… moho… kodho… upanāho… makkho… paḷāso… macchariyaṃ… pāpikā issā… pāpikā icchā na hoti, tathāhimaṃ āyasmantaṃ pāpikā icchā nābhibhuyya tiṭṭhatī’ti. 
   “Bhāvanāvādaṃ āvuso, bhikkhu vadamāno– ‘bhāvitakāyomhi bhāvitasīlo bhāvitacitto bhāvitapañño’ti. Tañce, āvuso, bhikkhuṃ lobho nābhibhuyya tiṭṭhati, doso… moho… kodho… upanāho… makkho… paḷāso… macchariyaṃ… pāpikā issā… pāpikā icchā nābhibhuyya tiṭṭhati, so evamassa veditabbo – ‘tathā ayamāyasmā pajānāti yathā pajānato lobho na hoti, tathāhimaṃ āyasmantaṃ lobho nābhibhuyya tiṭṭhati; tathā ayamāyasmā pajānāti yathā pajānato doso na hoti… moho… kodho… upanāho… makkho… paḷāso… macchariyaṃ… pāpikā issā… pāpikā icchā na hoti, tathāhimaṃ āyasmantaṃ pāpikā icchā nābhibhuyya tiṭṭhatī’ti. 
   “Ñāṇavādañca, āvuso, bhikkhu vadamāno bhāvanāvādañca– ‘jānāmimaṃ dhammaṃ, passāmimaṃ dhammaṃ, bhāvitakāyomhi bhāvitasīlo bhāvitacitto bhāvitapañño’ti. Tañce, āvuso, bhikkhuṃ lobho nābhibhuyya tiṭṭhati, doso… moho… kodho… upanāho… makkho… paḷāso… macchariyaṃ… pāpikā issā… pāpikā icchā nābhibhuyya tiṭṭhati, so evamassa veditabbo– ‘tathā ayamāyasmā pajānāti yathā pajānato lobho na hoti, tathāhimaṃ āyasmantaṃ lobho nābhibhuyya tiṭṭhati; tathā ayamāyasmā pajānāti yathā pajānato doso hoti… moho… kodho… upanāho… makkho… paḷāso… macchariyaṃ… pāpikā issā… pāpikā icchā na hoti, tathāhimaṃ āyasmantaṃ pāpikā icchā nābhibhuyya tiṭṭhatī’ti. 
   “Seyyathāpi āvuso, puriso aḍḍhova samāno aḍḍhavādaṃ vadeyya, dhanavāva samāno dhanavāvādaṃ vadeyya, bhogavāva samāno bhogavāvādaṃ vadeyya. So kismiñcideva dhanakaraṇīye samuppanne sakkuṇeyya upanīhātuṃ dhanaṃ vā dhaññaṃ vā rajataṃ vā jātarūpaṃ vā. Tamenaṃ evaṃ jāneyyuṃ– ‘aḍḍhova ayamāyasmā samāno aḍḍhavādaṃ vadeti, dhanavāva ayamāyasmā samāno dhanavāvādaṃ vadeti, bhogavāva ayamāyasmā samāno bhogavāvādaṃ vadeti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tathā hi ayamāyasmā kismiñcideva dhanakaraṇīye samuppanne sakkoti upanīhātuṃ dhanaṃ vā dhaññaṃ vā rajataṃ vā jātarūpaṃ vā’ti. 
   Evamevaṃ kho, āvuso, ñāṇavādañca bhikkhu vadamāno bhāvanāvādañca– ‘jānāmimaṃ dhammaṃ, passāmimaṃ dhammaṃ, bhāvitakāyomhi bhāvitasīlo bhāvitacitto bhāvitapañño’ti. Tañce, āvuso, bhikkhuṃ lobho nābhibhuyya tiṭṭhati, doso… moho… kodho… upanāho… makkho… paḷāso… macchariyaṃ… pāpikā issā… pāpikā icchā nābhibhuyya tiṭṭhati, so evamassa veditabbo – ‘tathā ayamāyasmā pajānāti yathā pajānato lobho na hoti, tathāhimaṃ āyasmantaṃ lobho nābhibhuyya tiṭṭhati; tathā ayamāyasmā pajānāti yathā pajānato doso na hoti… moho… kodho… upanāho… makkho… paḷāso… macchariyaṃ… pāpikā issā… pāpikā icchā na hoti, tathāhimaṃ āyasmantaṃ pāpikā icchā nābhibhuyya tiṭṭhatī’”ti. Catutthaṃ.