真人經--善知識與惡知識的判斷標準

 

 

 

    本經與《增壹阿含179經》、巴利《中部113/善人經》的內容完全相同,重點是世尊要大家掌握善知識與惡知識的區別標準,這個標準就是:一個人是否會「抬高自己,矮化他人」(自讚毀他),簡單講就是「驕慢自大」或「優越感」。如果有人憑恃自己的優越條件或修行成就而瞧不起或詆毀他人,就種人就是惡知識。

    在今日五濁惡世的末法時代,善知識稀有難求,然而老王賣瓜,自賣自誇,世上總不乏有許多出家或在家人士,以各種方式標榜自己是大善知識。他們或有可能炫耀自己博通三藏,或可能吹噓自己已禪定成就,更可能直接明示或間接暗示自己已證初果或三果,甚至是阿羅漢果。

    佛陀早已預見這種亂象,故而在本經中教導我們判斷善知識與惡知識的區別標準。

    另外,附帶一提,有人曾主張如果不懂《阿毗達摩論》而解經,就是自我作古云云,故而主張應該先通曉《阿毗達摩論》再讀經。但譯者個人並不認同這樣的看法,因為這種講法是本末倒置。《阿毗達摩論》固然非常的珍貴,且有助於對經文更透徹的了解。但就以本經為例,我們並不需要通曉《阿毗達摩論》才能看得懂本經的內容。此外,在佛陀的時代,有無量的出家及在家人並未聽聞過《阿毗達摩論》,但他們都已是四雙八輩,他們並不是因為通曉了《阿毗達摩論》才得以見法。在本經中佛陀也說: 「一個真正的善知識會這麼想:『我不會只因為自己讀過很多的阿含經,或通曉阿毗達摩論,便能斷除淫、怒、癡。我應當依法奉行,才能與解脫相應。』」

選譯自《中阿含85/真人經(長壽王品)

喬正一白話譯於西元2014/12/21八關齋戒日

    我是這樣聽聞的:

    有一次,佛陀遊方到了古印度的舍衛國,並暫時住在勝林給孤獨園林裡。

    當時,世尊是這樣告訴諸比丘的:

    「比丘們,我現在就為你們解說辨別善知識與惡知識的判斷標準,你們一定要仔細的聽!並牢記在心,善加思惟。」

    諸比丘都保持安靜,恭敬地準備聆聽世尊的教法。

    佛陀說:「什麼是惡知識?假設有一個比丘在出家前是出身自豪門貴族的權貴世家。倘若這個比丘因恃其出身尊貴便看不起其他的比丘,這種比丘就是惡知識。

    而一個真正的善知識會這麼想:『我不會因為自己的出身是權貴便能斷除淫、怒、癡,因為出身尊貴與否仍不脫世間無常法,與解脫無關。』

    又假設有一比丘出家前雖不是出身自權貴豪門,但他認真修行,依照八正道按部就班朝向解脫邁進,這個比丘也很有可能因此獲得大家的供養、恭敬。

    所以一個正向解脫、趨向涅槃的比丘,絕不會因為自己出身尊貴而看不起他人,這才是真正的善知識。

    假設有一個比丘的相貌俊美出眾,像明星般的亮眼。倘若這個比丘因恃其貌美便看不起其他的比丘,這種比丘就是惡知識。

    而一個真正的善知識會這麼想:『我不會因為自己貌美便能斷除淫、怒、癡,因為相貌的美醜仍不脫世間無常法,與解脫無關。』

    又假設有一比丘長相雖然平庸,但他認真修行,依照八正道按部就班朝向解脫邁進,這個比丘也很有可能因此獲得大家的供養、恭敬。

    所以一個正向解脫、趨向涅槃的比丘,絕不會因為自己俊美出眾而看不起他人,這才是真正的善知識。

    假設有一個比丘聰明絕頂、辯才無礙,倘若這個比丘因恃其才智過人便看不起其他的比丘,這種比丘就是惡知識。

    而一個真正的善知識會這麼想:『我不會因為自己才智過人便能斷除淫、怒、癡,因為聰不聰明仍不脫世間無常法,與解脫無關。』

    又假設有一比丘雖然不是那麼的聰明,但他認真修行,依照八正道按部就班朝向解脫邁進,這個比丘也很有可能因此獲得大家的供養、恭敬。

    所以一個正向解脫、趨向涅槃的比丘,絕不會因為自己才智出眾而看不起他人,這才是真正的善知識。

    假設有一個比丘因為其前生的善業而受到國王或達官貴人的護持,名滿天下,為一代大師。倘若這個比丘因恃其名利便看不起其他的比丘,這種比丘就是惡知識。

    而一個真正的善知識會這麼想:『我不會因為自己的名利便能斷除淫、怒、癡,因為名利是世間雜染的無常法,與解脫無關。』

    又假設有一比丘雖然沒沒無聞,但他認真修行,依照八正道按部就班朝向解脫邁進,這個比丘也很有可能因此獲得大家的供養、恭敬。

    所以一個正向解脫、趨向涅槃的比丘,絕不會因為自己的名利就看不起他人,這才是真正的善知識。

    假設有一個比丘博學多聞,通達經、律、論三藏,他有可能精通阿毗達摩論,也熟悉阿含經,並且持戒精嚴。但倘若這個比丘因此便看不起其他的比丘,這種比丘就是惡知識。

    而一個真正的善知識會這麼想:『我不會只因為自己讀過很多的阿含經,或通曉阿毗達摩論,便能斷除淫、怒、癡。我應當依法奉行,才能與解脫相應。』

    又假設有一比丘雖然沒讀過很多的阿含經,也不懂阿毗達摩論,但他認真修行,依照八正道按部就班朝向解脫邁進,這個比丘也很有可能因此獲得大家的供養、恭敬。

    所以一個正向解脫、趨向涅槃的比丘,絕不會因為自己博學多聞就自以為是或看不起他人,這才是真正的善知識。

    假設有一個比丘持頭陀行,穿著糞掃衣,攝三法服,持不慢衣。倘若這個比丘因恃其頭陀行便看不起其他的比丘,這種比丘就是惡知識。

    而一個真正的善知識會這麼想:『我不會只因為自己穿著糞掃衣,攝三法服,持不慢衣,便能斷除淫、怒、癡。』

    又假設有一比丘雖然不穿糞掃衣,但他認真修行,依照八正道按部就班朝向解脫邁進,這個比丘也很有可能因此獲得大家的供養、恭敬。

    所以一個正向解脫、趨向涅槃的比丘,絕不會因為自己穿著糞掃衣,攝三法服,持不慢衣,就看不起他人,這才是真正的善知識。

    假設有一個比丘常行托缽乞食,缽裡的飯只要滿五升就停止托缽,而且每次托缽只限七戶俗人的供養,或他持日中一食,或過了中午就不飲用非時漿。倘若這個比丘因此便看不起其他的比丘,這種比丘就是惡知識。

    而一個真正的善知識會這麼想:『我不會只因為自己不飲用非時漿等,便能斷除淫、怒、癡。』

    又假設有一比丘雖然飲用非時漿,但他認真修行,依照八正道按部就班朝向解脫邁進,這個比丘也很有可能因此獲得大家的供養、恭敬。

    所以一個正向解脫、趨向涅槃的比丘,絕不會因為自己不飲用非時漿,就看不起他人,這才是真正的善知識。

    假設有一個比丘住在無人煙之處、或山林樹下,或住在高聳的斷巖,或在露地禪坐,或在墳塚旁修行。倘若這個比丘因此便看不起其他沒有這麼作的比丘,這種比丘就是惡知識。

    而一個真正的善知識會這麼想:『我不會只因為自己住在山林墳墓旁等等,便能斷除淫、怒、癡。』

    又假設有一比丘雖然沒有如上的修持,但他認真修行,依照八正道按部就班地朝向解脫邁進,這個比丘也很有可能因此獲得大家的供養、恭敬。

    所以一個正向解脫、趨向涅槃的比丘,絕不會因為自己住在山林墳墓旁等,就自以為是或看不起他人,這才是真正的善知識。

    假設有一個比丘證得了初禪,倘若這個比丘因此便看不起其他沒有禪定的比丘,這種比丘就是惡知識。

    而一個真正的善知識會這麼想:『就算證得了初禪,但如果仍未斷除我所渴愛,那麼仍是一種對色界(:十二因緣三有中的色有”)的貪愛與執取。』他會依照八正道按部就班地朝向解脫邁進,這個比丘很有可能因此獲得大家的供養、恭敬。

    所以一個正向解脫、趨向涅槃的比丘,絕不會因為自己已證得初禪,就自以為是或看不起他人,這才是真正的善知識。

    假設有一個比丘證得了二禪、三禪、四禪、得空處、識處、無所有處、非有想非無想處等四禪八定,倘若這個比丘因此便看不起其他沒有禪定的比丘,這種比丘就是惡知識。

    而一個真正的善知識會這麼想:『就算證得了四禪八定,但如果仍未斷除我所渴愛,那麼仍是一種對色界與無色界的貪愛與執取(:十二因緣三有中的色有無色有”)。』他會依照八正道按部就班地朝向解脫邁進,這個比丘很有可能因此獲得大家的供養、恭敬。

    所以一個正向解脫、趨向涅槃的比丘,絕不會因為自己已證得四禪八定,就自以為是或看不起他人,這才是真正的善知識。

  所以諸比丘!以上就是所謂的善知識與惡知識的判斷標準。你們都應當仔細的去區辨異同,當你們清楚的區別兩者間的差別後,便應當捨離惡知識法,努力學習善知識法,你們都應當如此學習,」
  

    當佛陀說完此經後,諸比丘聽聞佛陀所說的法,都心生歡喜,並依法奉行。

 

原文/

中阿含85/真人經(長壽王品)
  我聞如是:
  一時,佛遊舍衛國,在勝林給孤獨園。
  爾時,世尊告諸比丘:
  「我今為汝說真人法及不真人法,諦聽!諦聽!善思念之。」
  時,諸比丘受教而聽。
  佛言:
  「云何不真人法?或有一人是豪貴族出家學道,餘者不然。彼因是豪貴族故,自貴賤他,是謂:不真人法。真人法者作如是觀:『我不因此是豪貴族故,斷淫、怒、癡。』或有一人不是豪貴出家學道,彼行法如法,隨順於法,向法、次法,彼因此故,得供養、恭敬。如是,趣向得真諦法者,不自貴、不賤他,是謂:真人法。
  復次,或有一人端正可愛,餘者不然。彼因端正可愛故,自貴賤他,是謂:不真人法。真人法者作如是觀:『我不因此端正可愛故,斷淫、怒、癡。』或有一人不端正可愛,彼行法如法,隨順於法,向法、次法,彼因此故,得供養、恭敬。如是,趣向得真諦法者,不自貴、不賤他,是謂:真人法。
  復次,或有一人才辯工談,餘者不然。彼因才辯工談故,自貴賤他,是謂:不真人法。真人法者作如是觀:『我不因此才辯工談故,斷淫、怒、癡。』或有一人無才辯工談,彼行法如法,隨順於法,向法、次法,彼因此故,得供養、恭敬。如是,趣向得真諦法者,不自貴、不賤他,是謂:真人法。
  復次,或有一人是長老,為王者所識及眾人所知而有大福,餘者不然。彼因是長老,為王者所識及眾人所知而有大福故,自貴賤他,是謂:不真人法。真人法者作如是觀:『我不因此是長老,為王者所識及眾人所知而有大福故,斷淫、怒、癡。』或有一人非是長老,不為王者所識及眾人所知,亦無大福,彼行法如法,隨順於法,向法、次法,彼因此故,得供養、恭敬。如是,趣向得真諦法者,不自貴、不賤他,是謂:真人法。
  復次,或有一人誦經,持律,學阿毘曇,諳阿含慕,多學經書,餘者不然。彼因諳阿含慕,多學經書故,自貴賤他,是謂:不真人法。真人法者作如是觀:『我不因此諳阿含慕,多學經書故,斷淫、怒、癡。』或有一人不諳阿含慕,亦不多學經書,彼行法如法,隨順於法,向法、次法,彼因此故,得供養、恭敬。如是,趣向得真諦法者,不自貴、不賤他,是謂:真人法。
  復次,或有一人著糞掃衣,攝三法服,持不慢衣,餘者不然。彼因持不慢衣故,自貴賤他,是謂:不真人法。真人法者作如是觀:『我不因此持不慢衣故,斷淫、怒、癡。』或有一人不持不慢衣,彼行法如法,隨順於法,向法、次法,彼因此故,得供養、恭敬。如是,趣向得真諦法者,不自貴、不賤他,是謂:真人法。
  復次,或有一人常行乞食,飯齊五升,限七家食,或復一食,過中不飲漿,餘者不然。彼因過中不飲漿故,自貴賤他,是謂:不真人法。真人法者作如是觀:『我不因此過中不飲漿故,斷淫、怒、癡。』或有一人不斷過中飲漿,彼行法如法,隨順於法,向法、次法,彼因此故,得供養、恭敬。如是,趣向得真諦法者,不自貴、不賤他,是謂:真人法。
  復次,或有一人在無事處、山林樹下,或住高巖,或止露地,或處塚間,或能知時,餘者不然。彼因此知時故,自貴賤他,是謂:不真人法。真人法者作如是觀:『我不因此知時故,斷淫、怒、癡。』或有一人而不知時,彼行法如法,隨順於法,向法、次法,彼因此故,得供養、恭敬。如是,趣向得真諦法者,不自貴、不賤他,是謂:真人法。
  復次,或有一人逮得初禪,彼因得初禪故,自貴賤他,是謂:不真人法。真人法者作如是觀:『初禪者,世尊說無量種,若有計者是謂愛也。』 彼因此故,得供養、恭敬。如是,趣向得真諦法者,不自貴、不賤他,是謂:真人法。
  復次,或有一人得第二、第三、第四禪,得空處、識處、無所有處、非有想非無想處,餘者不然。彼因得非有想非無想處故,自貴賤他,是謂:不真人法。真人法者作如是觀:『非有想非無想處,世尊說無量種,若有計者是謂愛也。』彼因此故,得供養、恭敬。如是,趣向得真諦法者,不自貴、不賤他,是謂:真人法。
  諸比丘!是謂:真人法、不真人法。汝等當知真人法、不真人法;知真人法、不真人法已,捨離不真人法,學真人法,汝等當學如是,」
  佛說如是,彼諸比丘聞佛所說,歡喜奉行。 

巴利語經文

MN.113/(3) Sappurisasuttaṃ
   105. Evaṃ me sutaṃ– ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi– “bhikkhavo”ti. “Bhadante”ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca– “sappurisadhammañca vo, bhikkhave, desessāmi asappurisadhammañca. Taṃ suṇātha, sādhukaṃ manasi karotha; bhāsissāmī”ti. “Evaṃ, bhante”ti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca–
   “Katamo ca, bhikkhave, asappurisadhammo? Idha, bhikkhave, asappuriso uccākulā pabbajito hoti. So iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘ahaṃ khomhi uccākulā pabbajito, ime panaññe bhikkhū na uccākulā pabbajitā’ti. So tāya uccākulīnatāya attānukkaṃseti, paraṃ vambheti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, asappurisadhammo. Sappuriso ca kho, bhikkhave, iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘na kho uccākulīnatāya lobhadhammā vā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, dosadhammā vā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti mohadhammā vā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti. No cepi uccākulā pabbajito hoti; so ca hoti dhammānudhammappaṭipanno sāmīcippaṭipanno anudhammacārī so tattha pujjo, so tattha pāsaṃso’ti. So paṭipadaṃyeva antaraṃ karitvā tāya uccākulīnatāya nevattānukkaṃseti na paraṃ vambheti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, sappurisadhammo.
   “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, asappuriso mahākulā pabbajito hoti …pe… mahābhogakulā pabbajito hoti …pe… uḷārabhogakulā pabbajito hoti. So iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘ahaṃ khomhi uḷārabhogakulā pabbajito, ime panaññe bhikkhū na uḷārabhogakulā pabbajitā’ti. So tāya uḷārabhogatāya attānukkaṃseti, paraṃ vambheti. Ayampi, bhikkhave, asappurisadhammo. Sappuriso ca kho, bhikkhave, iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘na kho uḷārabhogatāya lobhadhammā vā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, dosadhammā vā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, mohadhammā vā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti. No cepi uḷārabhogakulā pabbajito hoti; so ca hoti dhammānudhammappaṭipanno sāmīcippaṭipanno anudhammacārī, so tattha pujjo, so tattha pāsaṃso’ti. So paṭipadaṃyeva antaraṃ karitvā tāya uḷārabhogatāya nevattānukkaṃseti, na paraṃ vambheti. Ayampi, bhikkhave, sappurisadhammo.
   106. “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, asappuriso ñāto hoti yasassī. So iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘ahaṃ khomhi ñāto yasassī, ime panaññe bhikkhū appaññātā appesakkhā’ti. So tena ñattena attānukkaṃseti, paraṃ vambheti. Ayampi, bhikkhave, asappurisadhammo. Sappuriso ca kho, bhikkhave, iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘na kho ñattena lobhadhammā vā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, dosadhammā vā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, mohadhammā vā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti. No cepi ñāto hoti yasassī; so ca hoti dhammānudhammappaṭipanno sāmīcippaṭipanno anudhammacārī, so tattha pujjo so tattha pāsaṃso’ti. So paṭipadaṃyeva antaraṃ karitvā tena ñattena nevattānukkaṃseti, na paraṃ vambheti. Ayampi, bhikkhave, sappurisadhammo.
   “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, asappuriso lābhī hoti cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānaṃ. So iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘ahaṃ khomhi ābhī cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānaṃ, ime panaññe bhikkhū na lābhino cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajja-parikkhārānan’ti. So tena lābhena attānukkaṃseti, paraṃ vambheti. Ayampi, bhikkhave, asappurisadhammo. Sappuriso ca kho, bhikkhave, iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘na kho lābhena lobhadhammā vā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, dosadhammā vā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, mohadhammā vā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti. No cepi lābhī hoti cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānaṃ; so ca hoti dhammānudhammappaṭipanno sāmīcippaṭipanno anudhammacārī, so tattha pujjo, so tattha pāsaṃso’ti. So paṭipadaṃyeva antaraṃ karitvā tena lābhena nevattānukkaṃseti, na paraṃ vambheti. Ayampi, bhikkhave, sappurisadhammo.
   “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, asappuriso bahussuto hoti. So iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘ahaṃ khomhi bahussuto, ime panaññe bhikkhū na bahussutā’ti. So tena bāhusaccena attānukkaṃseti, paraṃ vambheti. Ayampi, bhikkhave, asappurisadhammo. Sappuriso ca kho, bhikkhave iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘na kho bāhusaccena lobhadhammā vā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti dosadhammā vā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, mohadhammā vā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti. No cepi bahussuto hoti; so ca hoti dhammānudhammappaṭipanno sāmīcippaṭipanno anudhammacārī, so tattha pujjo, so tattha pāsaṃso’ti. So paṭipadaṃyeva antaraṃ karitvā tena bāhusaccena nevattānukkaṃseti, na paraṃ vambheti. Ayampi, bhikkhave, sappurisadhammo.
   “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, asappuriso vinayadharo hoti. So iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘ahaṃ khomhi vinayadharo, ime panaññe bhikkhū na vinayadharā’ti. So tena vinayadharattena attānukkaṃseti, paraṃ vambheti. Ayampi, bhikkhave, asappurisadhammo. Sappuriso ca kho, bhikkhave, iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘na kho vinayadharattena lobhadhammā vā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, dosadhammā vā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, mohadhammā vā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti. No cepi vinayadharo hoti; so ca hoti dhammānudhammappaṭipanno sāmīcippaṭipanno anudhammacārī, so tattha pujjo, so tattha pāsaṃso’ti. So paṭipadaṃyeva antaraṃ karitvā tena vinayadharattena nevattānukkaṃseti, na paraṃ vambheti. Ayampi, bhikkhave, sappurisadhammo.
   “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, asappuriso dhammakathiko hoti. So iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘ahaṃ khomhi dhammakathiko, ime panaññe bhikkhū na dhammakathikā’ti. So tena dhammakathikattena attānukkaṃseti, paraṃ vambheti. Ayampi, bhikkhave, asappurisadhammo. Sappuriso ca kho, bhikkhave, iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘na kho dhammakathikattena lobhadhammā vā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, dosadhammā vā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, mohadhammā vā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti. No cepi dhammakathiko hoti; so ca hoti dhammānudhammappaṭipanno sāmīcippaṭipanno anudhammacārī, so tattha pujjo, so tattha pāsaṃso’ti. So paṭipadaṃyeva antaraṃ karitvā tena dhammakathikattena nevattānukkaṃseti, na paraṃ vambheti. Ayampi, bhikkhave, sappurisadhammo.
   107. “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, asappuriso āraññiko hoti. So iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘ahaṃ khomhi āraññiko ime panaññe bhikkhū na āraññikā’ti. So tena āraññikattena attānukkaṃseti, paraṃ vambheti. Ayampi, bhikkhave, asappurisadhammo. Sappuriso ca kho, bhikkhave, iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘na kho āraññikattena lobhadhammā vā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, dosadhammā vā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, mohadhammā vā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti. No cepi āraññiko hoti; so ca hoti dhammānudhammappaṭipanno sāmīcippaṭipanno anudhammacārī, so tattha pujjo, so tattha pāsaṃso’ti. So paṭipadaṃyeva antaraṃ karitvā tena āraññikattena nevattānukkaṃseti, na paraṃ vambheti. Ayampi, bhikkhave, sappurisadhammo.
   “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, asappuriso paṃsukūliko hoti. So iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘ahaṃ khomhi paṃsukūliko, ime panaññe bhikkhū na paṃsukūlikā’ti. So tena paṃsukūlikattena attānukkaṃseti, paraṃ vambheti Ayampi, bhikkhave, asappurisadhammo. Sappuriso ca kho, bhikkhave, iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘na kho paṃsukūlikattena lobhadhammā vā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, dosadhammā vā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, mohadhammā vā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti. No cepi paṃsukūliko hoti; so ca hoti dhammānudhammappaṭipanno sāmīcippaṭipanno anudhammacārī, so tattha pujjo, so tattha pāsaṃso’ti. So paṭipadaṃyeva antaraṃ karitvā tena paṃsukūlikattena nevattānukkaṃseti, na paraṃ vambheti. Ayampi, bhikkhave, sappurisadhammo.
   “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, asappuriso piṇḍapātiko hoti. So iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘ahaṃ khomhi piṇḍapātiko, ime panaññe bhikkhū na piṇḍapātikā’ti. So tena piṇḍapātikattena attānukkaṃseti, paraṃ vambheti. Ayampi, bhikkhave, asappurisadhammo. Sappuriso ca kho, bhikkhave, iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘na kho piṇḍapātikattena lobhadhammā vā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, dosadhammā vā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, mohadhammā vā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti. No cepi piṇḍapātiko hoti; so ca hoti dhammānudhammappaṭipanno sāmīcippaṭipanno anudhammacārī, so tattha pujjo, so tattha pāsaṃso’ti. So paṭipadaṃyeva antaraṃ karitvā tena piṇḍapātikattena nevattānukkaṃseti, na paraṃ vambheti. Ayampi, bhikkhave, sappurisadhammo.
   “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, asappuriso rukkhamūliko hoti. So iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘ahaṃ khomhi rukkhamūliko, ime panaññe bhikkhū na rukkhamūlikā’ti. So tena rukkhamūlikattena attānukkaṃseti, paraṃ vambheti. Ayampi, bhikkhave, asappurisadhammo. Sappuriso ca kho, bhikkhave, iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘na kho rukkhamūlikattena lobhadhammā vā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, dosadhammā vā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, mohadhammā vā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti. No cepi rukkhamūliko hoti; so ca hoti dhammānudhammappaṭipanno sāmīcippaṭipanno anudhammacārī, so tattha pujjo, so tattha pāsaṃso’ti. So paṭipadaṃyeva antaraṃ karitvā tena rukkhamūlikattena nevattānukkaṃseti, na paraṃ vambheti. Ayampi, bhikkhave, sappurisadhammo.
   “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, asappuriso sosāniko hoti …pe… abbhokāsiko hoti… nesajjiko hoti… yathāsanthatiko hoti… ekāsaniko hoti. So iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘ahaṃ khomhi ekāsaniko, ime panaññe bhikkhū na ekāsanikā’ti. So tena ekāsanikattena attānukkaṃseti, paraṃ vambheti. Ayampi, bhikkhave, asappurisadhammo. Sappuriso ca kho, bhikkhave, iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘na kho ekāsanikattena lobhadhammā vā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, dosadhammā vā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, mohadhammā vā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti. No cepi ekāsaniko hoti; so ca hoti dhammānudhammappaṭipanno sāmīcippaṭipanno anudhammacārī, so tattha pujjo, so tattha pāsaṃso’ti. So paṭipadaṃyeva antaraṃ karitvā tena ekāsanikattena nevattānukkaṃseti, na paraṃ vambheti. Ayampi, bhikkhave, sappurisadhammo.
   108. “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, asappuriso vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. So iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘ahaṃ khomhi paṭhamajjhānasamāpattiyā lābhī, ime panaññe bhikkhū paṭhamajjhānasamāpattiyā na lābhino’ti. So tāya paṭhamajjhānasamāpattiyā attānukkaṃseti, paraṃ vambheti. Ayampi, bhikkhave, asappurisadhammo. Sappuriso ca kho, bhikkhave, iti paṭisañcikkhati ‘paṭhamajjhānasamāpattiyāpi kho atammayatā vuttā bhagavatā. Yena yena hi maññanti tato taṃ hoti aññathā’ti. So atammayataññeva antaraṃ karitvā tāya paṭhamajjhānasamāpattiyā nevattānukkaṃseti, na paraṃ vambheti. Ayampi, bhikkhave, sappurisadhammo.
   “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, asappuriso vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā ajjhattaṃ sampasādanaṃ cetaso ekodibhāvaṃ avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ samādhijaṃ pītisukhaṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ …pe… tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. So iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘ahaṃ khomhi catutthajjhānasamāpattiyā lābhī, ime panaññe bhikkhū catutthajjhānasamāpattiyā na lābhino’ti. So tāya catutthajjhānasamāpattiyā attānukkaṃseti, paraṃ vambheti. Ayampi, bhikkhave, asappurisadhammo. Sappuriso ca kho bhikkhave, iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘catutthajjhānasamāpattiyāpi kho atammayatā vuttā bhagavatā. Yena yena hi maññanti tato taṃ hoti aññathā’ti. So atammayataññeva antaraṃ karitvā tāya catutthajjhānasamāpattiyā nevattānukkaṃseti, na paraṃ vambheti. Ayampi, bhikkhave, sappurisadhammo.
   “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, asappuriso sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā paṭighasaññānaṃ atthaṅgamā nānattasaññānaṃ amanasikārā ‘ananto ākāso’ti ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. So iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘ahaṃ khomhi ākāsānañcāyatanasamāpattiyā lābhī, ime panaññe bhikkhū ākāsānañcāyatanasamāpattiyā na lābhino’ti. So tāya ākāsānañcāyatanasamāpattiyā attānukkaṃseti, paraṃ vambheti. Ayampi, bhikkhave, asappurisadhammo. Sappuriso ca kho, bhikkhave, iti paṭisañcikkhati ‘ākāsānañcāyatanasamāpattiyāpi kho atammayatā vuttā bhagavatā. Yena yena hi maññanti tato taṃ hoti aññathā’ti. So atammayataññeva antaraṃ karitvā tāya ākāsānañcāyatanasamāpattiyā nevattānukkaṃseti, na paraṃ vambheti. Ayampi, bhikkhave, sappurisadhammo.
   “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, asappuriso sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘anantaṃ viññāṇan’ti viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. So iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘ahaṃ khomhi viññāṇañcāyatanasamāpattiyā lābhī, ime panaññe bhikkhū viññāṇañcāyatanasamāpattiyā na lābhino’ti. So tāya viññāṇañcāyatanasamāpattiyā attānukkaṃseti, paraṃ vambheti. Ayampi, bhikkhave, asappurisadhammo. Sappuriso ca kho, bhikkhave, iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘viññāṇañcāyatanasamāpattiyāpi kho atammayatā vuttā bhagavatā. Yena yena hi maññanti tato taṃ hoti aññathā’ti. So atammayataññeva antaraṃ karitvā tāya viññāṇañcāyatanasamāpattiyā nevattānukkaṃseti, na paraṃ vambheti. Ayampi, bhikkhave, sappurisadhammo.
   “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, asappuriso sabbaso viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘natthi kiñcī’ti ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. So iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘ahaṃ khomhi ākiñcaññāyatanasamāpattiyā lābhī, ime panaññe bhikkhū ākiñcaññāyatanasamāpattiyā na lābhino’ti. So tāya ākiñcaññāyatanasamāpattiyā attānukkaṃseti, paraṃ vambheti. Ayampi, bhikkhave, asappurisadhammo. Sappuriso ca kho, bhikkhave, iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘ākiñcaññāyatanasamāpattiyāpi kho atammayatā vuttā bhagavatā. Yena yena hi maññanti tato taṃ hoti aññathā’ti. So atammayataññeva antaraṃ karitvā tāya ākiñcaññāyatanasamāpattiyā nevattānukkaṃseti, na paraṃ vambheti. Ayampi, bhikkhave, sappurisadhammo.
   “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, asappuriso sabbaso ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. So iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘ahaṃ khomhi nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasamāpattiyā lābhī, ime panaññe bhikkhū nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasamāpattiyā na lābhino’ti. So tāya nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasamāpattiyā attānukkaṃseti paraṃ vambheti. Ayampi, bhikkhave, asappurisadhammo. Sappuriso ca kho, bhikkhave iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasamāpattiyāpi kho atammayatā vuttā bhagavatā. Yena yena hi maññanti tato taṃ hoti aññathā’ti. So atammayataññeva antaraṃ karitvā tāya nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasamāpattiyā nevattānukkaṃseti, na paraṃ vambheti. Ayampi, bhikkhave, sappurisadhammo.
   “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, sappuriso sabbaso nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma saññāvedayitanirodhaṃ upasampajja viharati. Paññāya cassa disvā āsavā parikkhīṇā honti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na kiñci maññati, na kuhiñci maññati, na kenaci maññatī”ti.
   Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti.
   Sappurisasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ tatiyaṃ.