70.與被擯沙彌共住

PAcittiya 70.Sv. 5, pAcittiya 70, 1; Vin.IV, p139.

  SamaNuddeso pi ce evaM vadeyya, tathAhaM bhagavatA dhammaM desitaM AjAnAmi; yathA yeme antarAyikA dhammA vuttA bhagavatA te paTisevato nAlaM antarAyAya ti, so samaNuddeso bhikkhUhi evam, assa vacanIyo, mAvuso samaNuddesa evam avaca, mA bhagavantaM abbhAcikkhi, na hi sAdhu bhagavato abbhaddhAnaM,na hi bhagavA evaM vadeyya. AnekapariyAyena Avuso samaNuddesa antarAyikA dhammA antarAyikA vuttA bhagavatA alaJ ca pana te paTisevato antarAyAyA ti. EvaJ ca pana so samaNuddeso bhikkhUhi vuccamAno tath eva paggaNheyya, so samaNuddeso evaM assa vacanIyo, “Ajjatagge te Avuso samaNuddesa na c eva so bhagavA satthA apadisitabbo, yaM pi c aJJe samaNuddesA labhanti bhikkhUhi saddhiM dvirattatirattaM sahaseyyaM, sApi te n atthi, cara pire vinassA ti. Yo pana bhikkhu jAnaM tathA nAsitaM samaNuddesaM upalApeyya vA upaTThApeyya vA saMbhuJjeyya vA saha vA seyyaM kappeyya , pAcittiyan ti.

 

    如果沙彌也這樣說:「正如我知道由世尊開示的法那樣,從事這些世尊所說的障礙行為,不會構成妨礙。」這位沙彌應該被比丘們這樣勸告:「大德,沙彌,不可這樣說,不可批評世尊,批評世尊是不好的。世尊並沒有這樣說,大德,世尊用許多方法說明障礙的行為是障礙,而且從事這些行為足以造成障礙。」而當這位比丘被比丘們這樣子說時,如果仍然固執己見,這位沙彌應該被比丘們如此勸告:「大德,沙彌,今後你既不能稱呼世尊為導師1,同時,像是其它的沙彌能夠做的那樣,與比丘們同宿二至三夜2,你也沒有這種權力。你走,離開這裡。」若有比丘明知而鼓勵3或支持4這種被驅出的沙彌,或與他共食或共宿,犯懺悔。

因緣

  佛在捨衛城祇樹給孤獨園時,肯德沙彌對世尊所教「障道法」產生懷疑,並批評說:「從事這些事,不會障礙修行。」比丘們加以勸說,仍然固執己見,世尊便將肯德沙彌驅出僧團。六比丘明知肯德沙彌已被僧團驅出,仍然安慰、照顧他,並與他共食、共宿。

犯相

1.對象:已被僧團驅擯的沙彌

2.方式:明知而安慰、照顧他,並與他共食、共宿。

無犯

1. (1) 沒有被驅擯

     (2) 捨棄成見

 的沙彌來往。

2.比丘精神失常。

備註

 

五分律:若沙彌作是語:「如我解佛所說,受五欲不能障道」,諸比丘語是沙彌:「汝莫作是語,莫謗佛、莫誣佛,佛說五欲障道,實能障道,汝沙彌捨是惡邪見」,如是教,堅持不捨,應第二第三教,第二第三教捨是事,善,若不捨,諸比丘應語:「是沙彌,汝出去!從今莫言佛是我師,莫在比丘後行,如餘沙彌得共比丘二宿,汝亦無是事。癡人!出去!滅!莫此中住!」若比丘知如法擯沙彌,畜使共住、共語 ,波逸提。

僧祇律:若沙彌作是言:「如來說淫欲是障道法,我知習淫欲不能障道」,諸比丘應諫言:「汝沙彌莫謗世尊,謗世尊者不善,世尊不作是語,世尊說淫欲實障道法,汝捨此惡事」,如是諫時,若堅持不捨,應第二第三諫,捨者,善,若不捨應驅出,言:「汝從今已後,不應言佛是我師,亦不得共比丘三宿,汝去,不得此中住」,若比丘知沙彌惡見不捨,驅出,未作如法誘喚畜養,共食、共住,波夜提。

四分律:若比丘知沙彌作如是語:「我從佛聞法,行淫欲非障道法」,彼比丘諫此沙彌如是言:「汝莫誹謗世尊,謗世尊者不善,世尊不作是語,沙彌,世尊無數方便說淫欲是障道法」,彼比丘諫此沙彌時,堅持不捨,彼比丘應乃至再三呵諫,令捨此事故,乃至三諫,捨者,善,不捨者,彼比丘應語此沙彌言:「汝自今已去,不得言佛是我世尊,不得隨逐餘比丘,如諸沙彌得與比丘二三宿,汝今無是事,汝出去!滅去!不應住此!」若比丘知如是眾中被擯沙彌,而誘將畜養,共止宿、言語者,波逸提。

十誦律:若有沙彌作是言:「我如是知佛法義,行諸欲不能障道」,是沙彌,諸比丘應如是教:「汝沙彌莫作是語,我如是知佛法義,行諸欲不能障道,汝莫謗佛,莫誣佛,謗佛不善,佛不作是語,佛種種因緣說行諸欲能障道,汝沙彌,捨是惡邪見」,是沙彌,諸比丘如是教時,若堅持不捨,諸比丘應第二第三教,捨是事,好,若不捨者,諸比丘應如是語:「汝沙彌,從今日不應言佛是我師,亦不應隨諸比丘後行,諸餘沙彌得共比丘乃至一宿、兩宿,汝亦無是事,癡人!出去!滅去!莫此中住」,若比丘知是擯沙彌,若畜使一房捨宿,波夜提。

根有律:若複苾芻見有求寂,作如是語:「我知佛所說法,欲是障礙法者,習行之時,非是障礙」,諸苾芻應語彼求寂言:「汝莫作是語,我知佛所說法,欲是障礙法者,習行之時,非是障礙。汝莫謗世尊,謗世尊者不善,世尊不作是語,世尊以無量門,于諸欲法說為障礙,汝可棄捨如是惡見」,諸苾芻語彼求寂時,捨此事者,善,若不捨者,乃至二三隨正應諫,隨正應教,令捨是事,捨者善,若不捨者,諸苾芻應語彼求寂,言:「汝從今已去不應說言,如來應正等覺是我大師,若有尊宿及同梵行者,不應隨行,如餘求寂得與苾芻二夜同宿,汝今無是事,汝愚癡人可速滅去」,若苾芻知是被擯求寂,而攝受饒益同室宿者,波逸底迦。

I. B. Horner:If even a novice should speak thus: ‘In so far as I understand dhamma taught by the lord, it is that in following those things called stumbling-blocks by the lord, there is no stumbling-block at all,’ that novice should be spoken to thus by the monks: “Do not speak thus, reverend novice; do not misrepresent the lord, misrepresentation of the lord is not at all seemly, and the lord certainly would not speak thus, Reverend novice, in many a figure are things that are stumbling-blocks called stumbling-blocks by the lord, and in following these, there is a veritable stumbling-block.’ And if that novice, the lord can neither be referred to as your teacher, nor can that be yours of which other novices get the chance, namely, the lying down to sleep for two or three nights with monks. Get away with you, depart.’ Whatever monk should knowingly encourage or should support or should eat with or should lie down in a sleeping-place with a novice thus expelled, there is an offence of expiation.

注釋:

 1.satthA,導師,大師。即指佛陀

 2.懺悔五「與未受戒者同住」:「若有比丘與未受具足戒的人同宿,超過二至三夜,犯懺悔」。沙彌雖然住在僧團中,但未受具足戒,所以仍然不可以和比丘同宿超過二至三夜。被驅擯的沙彌則連和比丘共宿一夜也不可以。

 3.upalApeyya,安慰,鼓勵。

 4.upaTThApeyya,照顧,支持。