強國七勝不衰法—Mahāparinibbānasuttaṃ

本經與巴利語聖典《長部》第16經《Mahāparinibbānasuttaṃ》的內容完全一樣。

六道輪迴中的天堂與地獄雖然是不同於人間的時空，可是，人間一樣有天堂與地獄。瑞士這個中歐的富裕小巨人就是舉世公認的人間仙境。

瑞士的地理位置位於中歐，二次世界大戰為中立國，它有福得以免於烽火及戰爭共惡業的摧殘，憑著金融與觀光產業躍居為人民平均年所得新台幣280萬的高薪強國，這當然是瑞士全國人民宿世與今生累積的共善業所致。

但是，600多年前的瑞士竟然是一個窮到幾乎無立錐之地的弱國，也是外勞與傭兵的輸出國。
如果不是滄海桑田、諸法無常，那又該如何形容它如此驚人的蛻變呢?

佛陀在本經中對阿難尊者如是說:「一個國家，不論大小，只要定期集會議論政事，重視倫理，君臣和順，上下相敬，遵守法律，孝順父母，敬順師長，男女關係不紊亂，供養沙門、尊敬持戒者，只要人民都能做到以上諸善法，那麼這個國家就一定都能國勢昌盛，其國運必能長治久安，沒有任何外敵能欺侮或侵損。」

早在兩千五百多年以前的古印度，就已經是一個肉弱強食的戰國時代。許多沒有太多政治、外交、與武力資源的小國，都非常害怕遭到列強的侵略與吞食。佛陀在本經中已有明訓，只要奉行七勝不衰法，自立自強，就不會遭受列強的侵略與破壞。

選譯自《長阿含》經第一分遊行經第二初

喬正一譯於西元2009（佛曆2553）/11/8

修訂於西元2019/5/3

我是這樣聽說的：

有一次，佛陀與一千兩百五十位大阿羅漢一起住在古印度羅閱城耆闍崛山中。

當時，摩竭國的國王阿闍世正打算攻伐及併吞他的敵國跋祇國。但阿闍世王自忖自己雖有強大的武力，但跋祇國人多勢眾，想要併吞對方，恐非易事，自己也沒有十足的勝算。

於是，阿闍世王便命宰相禹舍前去求教佛陀如何才能攻下跋祇國。

大臣禹舍奉命前往，他搭乘名貴的寶車，來到耆闍崛山，然後下車步行，走到佛陀的面前，恭敬的向佛頂禮後，便坐在一旁。

禹舍開口道：「摩竭王阿闍世命我代表他向佛頂禮問候，大王他打算攻打及併吞跋祇國，但因忌憚該國人民勇健，人多勢眾，恐怕不易招降，是以大王想請教佛陀有什麼意見？有沒有什麼獲勝的方法？」

這時，阿難尊者正站在佛陀的身後，為佛執扇搧風。

佛陀轉身問阿難尊者：「你有沒有聽說跋祇國人定期集會，議論政事？」

阿難回答：「有！我有聽說。」

佛陀又問阿難：「阿難！我再問你，你有沒有聽說跋祇國人，重視倫理，君臣和順，上下相敬？」

答曰：「有！我有聽說。」

「阿難，你有沒有聽說跋祇國人民，遵守法律，不違禮度？」

答曰：「有！我有聽說。」

「阿難！你有沒有聽說祇國人民孝順父母，敬順師長？」

答曰：「有！我有聽說。」

「阿難！你有沒有聽說跋祇國人，尊重宗廟，尊敬天地鬼神？」

答曰：「有！我有聽說。」

「阿難！你有沒有聽說跋祇國人的男女關係不紊亂，真正潔淨無穢，尊重女性，沒有強姦，沒有通姦，甚至於輕挑的性騷擾都不存在？」

答曰：「有！我有聽說。」

「阿難！你有沒有聽說跋國祇人，供養沙門，尊敬持戒者，對於有道的沙門，能盡心照顧護養，未曾懈惓？」

答曰：「有！我有聽說。」

佛說「阿難！如果跋國祇人真如你所聽說的那樣優秀，那麼他們一定長幼和順，國勢昌盛，其國運必能長治久安，沒有任何外敵能欺侮或侵損。」

佛陀與阿難尊者的這番對話，是故意說給禹舍聽的，禹舍明白佛陀的意思，便對佛說：「彼國人民，若僅奉行一法，猶不可圖，更何況是具足七勝不衰法？我已明白佛陀的意思，不便再打擾了，我國事政務繁多，就此告退。」

佛陀說：「您請慢走。」

禹舍卽從座位起身，遶佛三匝後，揖身頂禮而離去。

長阿含第一分遊行經(2)第二初(3)
　　如是我聞：
　　一時，佛在羅閱城耆闍崛山中，與大比丘眾千二百五十人俱。
　　是時，摩竭(4)王阿闍世(5)欲伐跋祇(6)，王自念言：彼雖勇健，人眾豪強，以我取彼，未足為難(7)。時，阿闍世王命婆羅門大臣禹舍(8)，而告之曰：「汝詣耆闍崛山，至世尊所，持我名字，禮世尊足，問訊世尊：『起居輕利，遊步強耶？』又白世尊：『跋祇國人自恃勇健，民眾豪強，不順伏我，我欲伐之，不審世尊何所誡敕？』若有教誡，汝善憶念，勿有遺漏，如所聞說。如來所言，終不虛妄。」
　　大臣禹舍受王教已，卽乘寶車詣耆闍崛山，到所止處，下車步進，至世尊所，問訊畢，一面坐，白世尊曰：「摩竭王阿闍世稽首佛足，敬問殷勤：『起居輕利，遊步强耶？』又白世尊：『跋祇國人自恃勇健，民眾豪強，不順伏我，我欲伐之，不審世尊何所誡敕？』」
　　爾時，阿難在世尊後執扇扇佛。佛告阿難：「汝聞跋祇國人數相集會，講議正事不？」
　　答曰：「聞之。」
　　佛告阿難：「若能爾者，長幼和順，轉更增盛，其國久安，無能侵損。阿難！汝聞跋祇國人君臣和順，上下相敬不？」
　　答曰：「聞之。」
　　「阿難！若能爾者，長幼和順，轉更增盛，其國久安，無能侵損。阿難！汝聞跋祇國人奉法曉忌，不違禮度不？」
　　答曰：「聞之。」
　　「阿難！若能爾者，長幼和順，轉更增盛，其國久安，無能侵損。阿難！汝聞跋祇國人孝事父母，敬順師長不？」
　　答曰：「聞之。」
　　「阿難！若能爾者，長幼和順，轉更增盛(9)，其國久安，無能侵損。阿難！汝聞跋祇國人恭於宗廟，致敬鬼神不？」
　　答曰：「聞之。」
　　「阿難！若能爾者，長幼和順，轉更增 *盛，其國久安，無能侵損。阿難！汝聞跋祇國人閨門真正潔淨無穢，至於戲笑，言不及邪不？」
　　答曰：「聞之。」
　　「阿難！若能爾者，長幼和順，轉更增盛，其國久安，無能侵損。阿難！汝聞跋祇國人宗事沙門(10)，敬持戒者，瞻視護養(11)，未嘗懈惓(12)不？」
　　答曰：「聞之。」
　　「阿難！若能爾者，長幼和順，轉更增盛，其國久安，無能侵損。」
　　時，大臣禹舍白佛言：「彼國人民，若行一法，猶不可圖，況復具七？國事多故，今(13)請辭還歸。」
　　佛言：「可，宜知是時(14)。」時，禹舍卽從座起，遶佛三匝，揖讓而退。

巴利語經文
DN.16/(3) Mahāparinibbānasuttaṃ
　　 131. Evaṃ me sutaṃ– ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati gijjhakūṭe pabbate. Tena kho pana samayena rājā māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto vajjī abhiyātukāmo hoti. So evamāha– “ahaṃ hime vajjī evaṃmahiddhike evaṃmahānubhāve ucchecchāmi vajjī, vināsessāmi vajjī, anayabyasanaṃ āpādessāmi vajjī”ti.
　　 132. Atha kho rājā māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto vassakāraṃ brāhmaṇaṃ magadhamahāmattaṃ āmantesi– “ehi tvaṃ, brāhmaṇa, yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkama; upasaṅkamitvā mama vacanena bhagavato pāde sirasā vandāhi, appābādhaṃ appātaṅkaṃ lahuṭṭhānaṃ balaṃ phāsuvihāraṃ puccha – ‘rājā, bhante, māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto bhagavato pāde sirasā vandati, appābādhaṃ appātaṅkaṃ lahuṭṭhānaṃ balaṃ phāsuvihāraṃ pucchatī’ti. Evañca vadehi– ‘rājā, bhante, māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto vajjī abhiyātukāmo. So evamāha– “ahaṃ hime vajjī evaṃmahiddhike evaṃmahānubhāve ucchecchāmi vajjī, vināsessāmi vajjī, anayabyasanaṃ āpādessāmī’”ti. Yathā te bhagavā byākaroti, taṃ sādhukaṃ uggahetvā mama āroceyyāsi. Na hi tathāgatā vitathaṃ bhaṇantī”ti.
Vassakārabrāhmaṇo
　　 133. “Evaṃ, bho”ti kho vassakāro brāhmaṇo magadhamahāmatto rañño māgadhassa ajātasattussa vedehiputtassa paṭissutvā bhaddāni bhaddāni yānāni yojetvā bhaddaṃ bhaddaṃ yānaṃ abhiruhitvā bhaddehi bhaddehi yānehi rājagahamhā niyyāsi, yena gijjhakūṭo pabbato tena pāyāsi. Yāvatikā yānassa bhūmi, yānena gantvā, yānā paccorohitvā pattikova yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho vassakāro brāhmaṇo magadhamahāmatto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– “rājā, bho gotama, māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto bhoto gotamassa pāde sirasā vandati, appābādhaṃ appātaṅkaṃ lahuṭṭhānaṃ balaṃ phāsuvihāraṃ pucchati. Rājā, bho gotama, māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto vajjī abhiyātukāmo. So evamāha– ‘ahaṃ hime vajjī evaṃmahiddhike evaṃmahānubhāve ucchecchāmi vajjī, vināsessāmi vajjī, anayabyasanaṃ āpādessāmī’”ti.
Rāja-aparihāniyadhammā
　　 134. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā ānando bhagavato piṭṭhito ṭhito hoti bhagavantaṃ bījayamāno. Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesi– “kinti te, ānanda, sutaṃ, ‘vajjī abhiṇhaṃ sannipātā sannipātabahulā’ti? “Sutaṃ metaṃ, bhante– ‘vajjī abhiṇhaṃ sannipātā sannipātabahulā”ti. “Yāvakīvañca, ānanda, vajjī abhiṇhaṃ sannipātā sannipātabahulā bhavissanti, vuddhiyeva, ānanda, vajjīnaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni.
　　 “Kinti te, ānanda, sutaṃ ‘vajjī samaggā sannipatanti, samaggā vuṭṭhahanti, samaggā vajjikaraṇīyāni karontī’ti? “Sutaṃ metaṃ, bhante– ‘vajjī samaggā sannipatanti, samaggā vuṭṭhahanti, samaggā vajjikaraṇīyāni karontī”ti. “Yāvakīvañca, ānanda, vajjī samaggā sannipatissanti, samaggā vuṭṭhahissanti, samaggā vajjikaraṇīyāni karissanti, vuddhiyeva, ānanda, vajjīnaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni.
　　 “Kinti te, ānanda, sutaṃ, ‘vajjī apaññattaṃ na paññapenti, paññattaṃ na samucchindanti, yathāpaññatte porāṇe vajjidhamme samādāya vattantī’”ti? “Sutaṃ metaṃ, bhante– ‘vajjī apaññattaṃ na paññapenti, paññattaṃ na samucchindanti, yathāpaññatte porāṇe vajjidhamme samādāya vattantī’”ti. “Yāvakīvañca, ānanda, “vajjī apaññattaṃ na paññapessanti, paññattaṃ na samucchindissanti, yathāpaññatte porāṇe vajjidhamme samādāya vattissanti, vuddhiyeva, ānanda, vajjīnaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni.
　　 “Kinti te, ānanda, sutaṃ, ‘vajjī ye te vajjīnaṃ vajjimahallakā, te sakkaronti garuṃ karonti mānenti pūjenti, tesañca sotabbaṃ maññantī’”ti? “Sutaṃ metaṃ, bhante– ‘vajjī ye te vajjīnaṃ vajjimahallakā, te sakkaronti garuṃ karonti mānenti pūjenti, tesañca sotabbaṃ maññantī’”ti. “Yāvakīvañca, ānanda, vajjī ye te vajjīnaṃ vajjimahallakā te sakkarissanti garuṃ karissanti mānessanti pūjessanti, tesañca sotabbaṃ maññissanti, vuddhiyeva, ānanda, vajjīnaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni.
　　 “Kinti te, ānanda, sutaṃ, ‘vajjī yā tā kulitthiyo kulakumāriyo, tā na okkassa pasayha vāsentī’”ti? “Sutaṃ metaṃ, bhante– ‘vajjī yā tā kulitthiyo kulakumāriyo tā na okkassa pasayha vāsentī’”ti. “Yāvakīvañca, ānanda, vajjī yā tā kulitthiyo kulakumāriyo, tā na okkassa pasayha vāsessanti, vuddhiyeva, ānanda, vajjīnaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni.
　　 “Kinti te, ānanda, sutaṃ, ‘vajjī yāni tāni vajjīnaṃ vajjicetiyāni abbhantarāni ceva bāhirāni ca, tāni sakkaronti garuṃ karonti mānenti pūjenti, tesañca dinnapubbaṃ katapubbaṃ dhammikaṃ baliṃ no parihāpentī’”ti? “Sutaṃ metaṃ, bhante– ‘vajjī yāni tāni vajjīnaṃ vajjicetiyāni abbhantarāni ceva bāhirāni ca, tāni sakkaronti garuṃ karonti mānenti pūjenti tesañca dinnapubbaṃ katapubbaṃ dhammikaṃ baliṃ no parihāpentī’”ti. “Yāvakīvañca, ānanda, vajjī yāni tāni vajjīnaṃ vajjicetiyāni abbhantarāni ceva bāhirāni ca, tāni sakkarissanti garuṃ karissanti mānessanti pūjessanti, tesañca dinnapubbaṃ katapubbaṃ dhammikaṃ baliṃ no parihāpessanti, vuddhiyeva, ānanda, vajjīnaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni.
　　 “Kinti te, ānanda, sutaṃ, ‘vajjīnaṃ arahantesu dhammikā rakkhāvaraṇagutti susaṃvihitā, kinti anāgatā ca arahanto vijitaṃ āgaccheyyuṃ, āgatā ca arahanto vijite phāsu vihareyyun’”ti? “Sutaṃ metaṃ, bhante ‘vajjīnaṃ arahantesu dhammikā rakkhāvaraṇagutti susaṃvihitā kinti anāgatā ca arahanto vijitaṃ āgaccheyyuṃ, āgatā ca arahanto vijite phāsu vihareyyun’”ti. “Yāvakīvañca, ānanda, vajjīnaṃ arahantesu dhammikā rakkhāvaraṇagutti susaṃvihitā bhavissati, kinti anāgatā ca arahanto vijitaṃ āgaccheyyuṃ, āgatā ca arahanto vijite phāsu vihareyyunti. Vuddhiyeva, ānanda, vajjīnaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihānī”ti.
　　 135. Atha kho bhagavā vassakāraṃ brāhmaṇaṃ magadhamahāmattaṃ āmantesi– “ekamidāhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, samayaṃ vesāliyaṃ viharāmi sārandade cetiye. Tatrāhaṃ vajjīnaṃ ime satta aparihāniye dhamme desesiṃ. Yāvakīvañca, brāhmaṇa, ime satta aparihāniyā dhammā vajjīsu ṭhassanti, imesu ca sattasu aparihāniyesu dhammesu vajjī sandississanti, vuddhiyeva, brāhmaṇa, vajjīnaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihānī”ti.
　　 Evaṃ vutte, vassakāro brāhmaṇo magadhamahāmatto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– “ekamekenapi, bho gotama, aparihāniyena dhammena samannāgatānaṃ vajjīnaṃ vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni Ko pana vādo sattahi aparihāniyehi dhammehi. Akaraṇīyāva, bho gotama, vajjī raññā māgadhena ajātasattunā vedehiputtena yadidaṃ yuddhassa, aññatra upalāpanāya aññatra mithubhedā. Handa ca dāni mayaṃ, bho gotama, gacchāma bahukiccā mayaṃ bahukaraṇīyā”ti. “Yassadāni tvaṃ, brāhmaṇa, kālaṃ maññasī”ti. Atha kho vassakāro brāhmaṇo magadhamahāmatto bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi.
Bhikkhu-aparihāniyadhammā
　　 136. Atha kho bhagavā acirapakkante vassakāre brāhmaṇe magadhamahāmatte āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesi– “gaccha tvaṃ, ānanda, yāvatikā bhikkhū rājagahaṃ upanissāya viharanti, te sabbe upaṭṭhānasālāyaṃ sannipātehī”ti. “Evaṃ, bhante”ti kho āyasmā ānando bhagavato paṭissutvā yāvatikā bhikkhū rājagahaṃ upanissāya viharanti, te sabbe upaṭṭhānasālāyaṃ sannipātetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– “sannipatito, bhante, bhikkhusaṅgho, yassadāni, bhante, bhagavā kālaṃ maññatī”ti.
　　 Atha kho bhagavā uṭṭhāyāsanā yena upaṭṭhānasālā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Nisajja kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi– “satta vo, bhikkhave, aparihāniye dhamme desessāmi, taṃ suṇātha, sādhukaṃ manasikarotha, bhāsissāmī”ti. “Evaṃ, bhante”ti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca–
　　 “Yāvakīvañca bhikkhave, bhikkhū abhiṇhaṃ sannipātā sannipātabahulā bhavissanti, vuddhiyeva, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni.
　　 “Yāvakīvañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhū samaggā sannipatissanti, samaggā vuṭṭhahissanti, samaggā saṅghakaraṇīyāni karissanti vuddhiyeva, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni.