本經與巴利聖典《增支部》第8經第64篇《伽耶山頂經》(Gayāsīsasuttaṃ)的內容完全相同。本經對於禪修而言可以說是非常重要的一篇經文,內容是世尊成佛之前在森林中禪修時證得天眼通的「次第」(順序、進展)。另外,根據《阿姜曼正傳》的記載,阿姜曼以其天眼觀察遊歷諸天界並與天神溝通的情形與本經文的內容相符。

    從本經文可知,證得天眼通的歷程是在禪境中先出現「光明」的禪相,然後在光明中看見具體的形象,接著該形象愈來愈清楚;如果禪修者是與天神溝通,這個形象就會現出天神的形貌….。總之,本篇經文是禪修者在禪修時很值得參考的一篇經文。

選譯自《中阿含經》第73經《天眼通經》

喬正一白話譯於西元2017/12/3農曆十月十六日(超級月亮日)八關齋戒日

    我是這樣聽聞的: 

    有一次,佛陀在古印度的枝提瘦這個地方遊方,並暫時住在該處的水渚林中。 

    當時,世尊是這樣告訴諸比丘的:「在我尚未證得無上正真之道時,我曾想:『如果我在禪境中可以覺知到光明,因光明而看見具體的形色等禪相;那麼,我的體證智見就會非常的清淨。』為了使智見明淨,於是我遠離人群,獨住靜修,心無放逸,修行精勤。結果,我果然在禪境中得見光明,也看見了具體形色等禪相;然而,我並未在禪境中與天神溝通、互動或交談。 

    我又想:『如果我在禪境中看見了光與色等禪相,並且與天神溝通、互動及交談,那麼我的體悟智見應該就會更加清淨。』為了使智見明淨,於是我遠離人群,獨住靜修,心無放逸,修行精勤。結果,我果然在禪境中得見光明,也看見了具體的形色等禪相,並在禪境中與天神溝通、互動或交談。 但,我並不知道那些天神的姓名,也不知祂們是何方神聖。 

    於是我又想:『如果我能知道出現在禪境中的天神的姓名,也知道祂們是何方神聖,那麼我的體悟智見就應該會更加清淨。』為了使智見明淨,於是我遠離人群,獨住靜修,心無放逸,修行精勤。結果,我果然在禪境中得見光明,也看見了具體形色等禪相,並在禪境中與天神溝通、互動或交談;我也知道了那些天神的姓名。可是,我還是不知道這些天神都是吃甚麼食物及受甚麼苦樂。 

    我接著想:『如果我能進一步知道這些天神都吃些甚麼及其所感受的苦樂,那麼我的體悟與智見就會更加清淨。』為了使體悟智見明淨,我便進一步訊問,知道了祂們都吃些甚麼及感受的苦樂;但,我還是不知道祂們的壽命到底有多長。 

    我心想:『如果我能知道祂們的壽命有多長,我的智見應該會更加清淨。』於是,我進一步探詢,知道了他們的壽命有多長;但,然,我仍不知這些天神過去前生究竟作過甚麼好事、行過甚麼善、造過甚麼功德善業,使祂們死後得以投生到天界當天神。 

    於是,我進一步去觀察,得悉祂們過去前生究竟做過甚麼好事、行過甚麼善、造過甚麼功德善業,死後得以投生到天界當天神。但,我仍不知祂們是哪一層天界的天神,又或者是來自其他諸天。 

    我接著進一步去探尋觀察,得知了祂們來自哪一層天界;但,我不知我自己過去前生是否也曾投生過在那些天界?也不知自己是否曾與祂們一起生活過?

    於是,我知道了我自己曾經在哪一層天界投生過,也曾與某些天神一起在該天界生活過;也知道我並未與其他的天神一起生活過。 

    如果,我在禪境中不能以正知得見以上的八件事,我就沒有資格片面宣稱我證得了天眼通,也沒有資格單方面宣稱我證得了無上正真之道,我也沒有資格說我的成就超越了世間的諸天、魔、梵、沙門、梵志等,我亦不能說我證得了解脫及達到各種解脫成就,我亦未離諸顛倒邪見,也尚未抵達歷劫生死的最後一站、並未成就最高的梵行、該修的修行並未完成、也不能確知自己還會不會有來生。

    但正因為我很清楚正知我已證得了以上的八件事,因此我有資格宣稱我證得了天眼通,也有資格宣稱我證得了無上正真之道,有資格說我的成就在世間的諸天、魔、梵、沙門、梵志等之上,我亦能說我證得了解脫及達到各種解脫的成就,我已離諸顛倒邪見,也已抵達歷劫生死的最後一站、已成就最高的梵行、該修的修行都已完成、也能確知自己不會有來生。」 

    當佛陀說完之後,諸比丘聽聞佛所說的法,都心生歡喜,並依法奉行。 

原文/

中阿含73/天眼經 
  我聞如是: 
  一時,佛遊枝提瘦,在水渚林中。 
  爾時,世尊告諸比丘: 
  「我本未得覺無上正真道時,而作是念:『我寧可得生其光明,因其光明而見形色,如是,我智見極大明淨。』我為智見極明淨故,便在遠離獨住,心無放逸,修行精勤。我因在遠離獨住,心無放逸,修行精勤故,即得光明,便見形色也,然,我未與彼天共同集會,未相慰勞,未有所論說,未有所答對。 
  我復作是念:『我寧可得生其光明,因其光明而見形色,及與彼天共同集會,共相慰勞,有所論說,有所答對,如是,我智見極大明淨。』我為智見極明淨故,便在遠離獨住,心無放逸,修行精勤。我因在遠離獨住,心無放逸,修行精勤故,即得光明,便見形色,及與彼天共同集會,共相慰勞,有所論說,有所答對也,然,我不知彼天如是姓、如是字、如是生。 
  我復作是念:『我寧可得生其光明,因其光明而見形色,及與彼天共同集會,共相慰勞,有所論說,有所答對,亦知彼天如是姓、如是字、如是生,如是,我智見極大明淨。』我為智見極明淨故,便在遠離獨住,心無放逸,修行精勤。我因在遠離獨住,心無放逸,修行精勤故,即得光明,便{}[]形色,及與彼天共同集會,共相慰勞,有所論說,有所答對,亦知彼天如是姓、如是字、如是生也,然,我不知彼天如是食、如是受苦樂。 
  我復作是念:『我寧可得生其光明,因其光明而見形色,及與彼天共同集會,共相慰勞,有所論說,有所答對,亦知彼天如是姓、如是字、如是生,亦知彼天如是食、如是受苦樂,如是,我智見極大明淨。』我為智見極明淨故,便在遠離獨住,心無放逸,修行精勤。我因在遠離獨住,心無放逸,修行精勤故,即得光明,便見形色,及與彼天共同集會,共相慰勞,有所論說,有所答對,亦知彼天如是姓、如是字、如是生,亦知彼天如是食、如是受苦樂也,然,我不知彼天如是長壽、如是久住、如是命盡。 
  我復作是念:『我寧可得生其光明,因其光明而見形色,及與彼天共同集會,共相慰勞,有所論說,有所答對,亦知彼天如是姓、如是字、如是生,亦知彼天如是食、如是受苦樂,亦知彼天如是長壽、如是久住、如是命盡,如是,我智見極大明淨。』我為智見極明淨故,便在遠離獨住,心無放逸,修行精勤。我因在遠離獨住,心無放逸,修行精勤故,即得光明,便見形色,及與彼天共同集會,共相慰勞,有所論說,有所答對,亦知彼天如是姓、如是字、如是生,亦知彼天如是食、如是受苦樂,亦知彼天如是長壽、如是久住、如是命盡也,然,我不知彼天作如是、如是業已,死此生彼。 
  我復作是念:『我寧可得生其光明,因其光明而見形色,及與彼天共同集會,共相慰勞,有所論說,有所答對,亦知彼天如是姓、如是字、如是生,亦知彼天如是食、如是受苦樂,亦知彼天如是長壽、如是久住、如是命盡,亦知彼天作如是、如是業已,死此生彼,如是,我智見極大明淨。』我為智見極明淨故,便在遠離獨住,心無放逸,修行精勤。我因在遠離獨住,心無放逸,修行精勤故,即得光明,便見形色,及與彼天共同集會,共相慰勞,有所論說,有所答對,亦知彼天如是姓、如是字、如是生,亦知彼天如是食、如是受苦樂,亦知彼天如是長壽、如是久住、如是命盡,亦知彼天作如是、如是業已,死此生彼也,然,我不知彼天、彼彼天中。 
  我復作是念:『我寧可得生其光明,因其光明而見形色,及與彼天共同集會,共相慰勞,有所論說,有所答對,亦知彼天如是姓、如是字、如是生,亦知彼天如是食、如是受苦樂,亦知彼天如是長壽、如是久住、如是命盡,亦知彼天作如是、如是業已,死此生彼,亦知彼天、彼彼天中,如是,我智見極大明淨。』我為智見極明淨故,便在遠離獨住,心無放逸,修行精勤。我因在遠離獨住,心無放逸,修行精勤故,即得光明,便見形色,及與彼天共同集會,共相慰勞,有所論說,有所答對,亦知彼天如是姓、如是字、如是生,亦知彼天如是食、如是受苦樂,亦知彼天如是長壽、如是久住、如是命盡,亦知彼天作如是、如是業已,死此生彼,亦知彼天、彼彼天中也,然,我不知彼天上我曾生中、未曾生中。 
  我復作是念:『我寧可得生其光明,因其光明而見形色,及與彼天共同集會,共相慰勞,有所論說,有所答對,亦知彼天如是姓、如是字、如是生,亦知彼天如是食、如是受苦樂,亦知彼天如是長壽、如是久住、如是命盡,亦知彼天作如是、如是業已,死此生彼,亦知彼天、彼彼天中,亦知彼天上我曾生中、未曾生中,如是,我智見極大明淨。』我為智見極明淨故,便在遠離獨住,心無放逸,修行精勤。我因在遠離獨住,心無放逸,修行精勤故,即得光明,便見形色,及與彼天共同集會,共相慰勞,有所論說,有所答對,亦知彼天如是姓、如是字、如是生,亦知彼天如是食、如是受苦樂,亦知彼天如是長壽、如是久住、如是命盡,亦知彼天作如是、如是業已,死此生彼,亦知彼天、彼彼天中,亦知彼天上我曾生中、未曾生中也。 
  若我不正知得此八行者,便不可一向說得,亦不知我得覺無上正真之道,我亦於此世間諸天、魔、梵、沙門、梵志不能出過其上,我亦不得解脫種種解脫,我亦未離諸顛倒,未生已盡、梵行已立、所作已辦、不更受有知如真。若我正知得此八行者,便可一向說得,亦知我得覺無上正真之道,我亦於此世間諸天、魔、梵、沙門、梵志出過其上,我亦得解脫種種解脫,我心已離諸顛倒,生已盡,梵行已立,所作已辦,不更受有,知如真。」 
  佛說如是,彼諸比丘聞佛所說,歡喜奉行。 

巴利語經文
AN.8.64/ 4. Gayāsīsasuttaṃ 
   64. Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā gayāyaṃ viharati gayāsīse. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi …pe… “pubbāhaṃ, bhikkhave, sambodhā anabhisambuddho bodhisattova samāno obhāsaññeva kho sañjānāmi, no ca rūpāni passāmi”. 
   “Tassa mayhaṃ, bhikkhave, etadahosi– ‘sace kho ahaṃ obhāsañceva sañjāneyyaṃ rūpāni ca passeyyaṃ; evaṃ me idaṃ ñāṇadassanaṃ parisuddhataraṃ assā’”ti. 
   “So kho ahaṃ, bhikkhave, aparena samayena appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto obhāsañceva sañjānāmi, rūpāni ca passāmi; no ca kho tāhi devatāhi saddhiṃ santiṭṭhāmi sallapāmi sākacchaṃ samāpajjāmi. 
   “Tassa mayhaṃ, bhikkhave, etadahosi– ‘sace kho ahaṃ obhāsañceva sañjāneyyaṃ, rūpāni ca passeyyaṃ, tāhi ca devatāhi saddhiṃ santiṭṭheyyaṃ sallapeyyaṃ sākacchaṃ samāpajjeyyaṃ; evaṃ me idaṃ ñāṇadassanaṃ parisuddhataraṃ assā’”ti. 
   “So kho ahaṃ, bhikkhave, aparena samayena appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto obhāsañceva sañjānāmi, rūpāni ca passāmi, tāhi ca devatāhi saddhiṃ santiṭṭhāmi sallapāmi sākacchaṃ samāpajjāmi; no ca kho tā devatā jānāmi– imā devatā amukamhā vā amukamhā vā devanikāyāti. 
   “Tassa mayhaṃ, bhikkhave, etadahosi– ‘sace kho ahaṃ obhāsañceva sañjāneyyaṃ, rūpāni ca passeyyaṃ, tāhi ca devatāhi saddhiṃ santiṭṭheyyaṃ sallapeyyaṃ sākacchaṃ samāpajjeyyaṃ, tā ca devatā jāneyyaṃ– imā devatā amukamhā vā amukamhā vā devanikāyā’ti; evaṃ me idaṃ ñāṇadassanaṃ parisuddhataraṃ assā’”ti. 
   “So kho ahaṃ, bhikkhave, aparena samayena appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto obhāsañceva sañjānāmi, rūpāni ca passāmi, tāhi ca devatāhi saddhiṃ santiṭṭhāmi sallapāmi sākacchaṃ samāpajjāmi, tā ca devatā jānāmi– ‘imā devatā amukamhā vā amukamhā vā devanikāyā’ti; no ca kho tā devatā jānāmi– ‘imā devatā imassa kammassa vipākena ito cutā tattha upapannā’ti …pe… tā ca devatā jānāmi– ‘imā devatā imassa kammassa vipākena ito cutā tattha upapannā’ti; no ca kho tā devatā jānāmi– ‘imā devatā imassa kammassa vipākena evamāhārā evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvediniyo’ti …pe… tā ca devatā jānāmi– ‘imā devatā imassa kammassa vipākena evamāhārā evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvediniyo’ti; no ca kho tā devatā jānāmi– ‘imā devatā evaṃdīghāyukā evaṃciraṭṭhitikā’ti …pe… tā ca devatā jānāmi– ‘imā devatā evaṃdīghāyukā evaṃciraṭṭhitikā’ti; no ca kho tā devatā jānāmi yadi vā me imāhi devatāhi saddhiṃ sannivutthapubbaṃ yadi vā na sannivutthapubbanti. 
   “Tassa mayhaṃ, bhikkhave, etadahosi– ‘sace kho ahaṃ obhāsañceva sañjāneyyaṃ, rūpāni ca passeyyaṃ, tāhi ca devatāhi saddhiṃ santiṭṭheyyaṃ sallapeyyaṃ sākacchaṃ samāpajjeyyaṃ tā ca devatā jāneyyaṃ– ‘imā devatā amukamhā vā amukamhā vā devanikāyā’ti, tā ca devatā jāneyyaṃ– ‘imā devatā imassa kammassa vipākena ito cutā tattha upapannā’ti, tā ca devatā jāneyyaṃ – ‘imā devatā evamāhārā evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvediniyo’ti, tā ca devatā jāneyyaṃ– ‘imā devatā evaṃdīghāyukā evaṃciraṭṭhitikā’ti, tā ca devatā jāneyyaṃ yadi vā me imāhi devatāhi saddhiṃ sannivutthapubbaṃ yadi vā na sannivutthapubbanti; evaṃ me idaṃ ñāṇadassanaṃ parisuddhataraṃ assā’”ti. 
   “So kho ahaṃ, bhikkhave, aparena samayena appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto obhāsañceva sañjānāmi, rūpāni ca passāmi, tāhi ca devatāhi saddhiṃ santiṭṭhāmi sallapāmi sākacchaṃ samāpajjāmi, tā ca devatā jānāmi– ‘imā devatā amukamhā vā amukamhā vā devanikāyā’ti, tā ca devatā jānāmi– ‘imā devatā imassa kammassa vipākena ito cutā tattha upapannā’ti, tā ca devatā jānāmi– ‘imā devatā evamāhārā evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvediniyo’ti tā ca devatā jānāmi– ‘imā devatā evaṃdīghāyukā evaṃciraṭṭhitikā’ti, tā ca devatā jānāmi yadi vā me devatāhi saddhiṃ sannivutthapubbaṃ yadi vā na sannivutthapubbanti. 
   “Yāvakīvañca me, bhikkhave, evaṃ aṭṭhaparivaṭṭaṃ adhidevañāṇadassanaṃ na suvisuddhaṃ ahosi, neva tāvāhaṃ, bhikkhave, ‘sadevake loke samārake sabrahmake sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddho’ti paccaññāsiṃ. Yato ca kho me bhikkhave, evaṃ aṭṭhaparivaṭṭaṃ adhidevañāṇadassanaṃ suvisuddhaṃ ahosi, athāhaṃ, bhikkhave, ‘sadevake loke samārake sabrahmake sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddho’ti paccaññāsiṃ; ñāṇañca pana me dassanaṃ udapādi; akuppā me cetovimutti; ayamantimā jāti natthi dāni punabbhavo”ti. Catutthaṃ.