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本經是《中阿含經》的《大念處經》，巴利語為：Mahāsatipaṭṭhāna
Sutta, 梵文：Smṛtyupasthāna
Sūtra
स्म्र्युपस्थान
सूत्र，與巴利聖典中的《中部》第10篇經文相同，在南傳上座部佛教中極受重視。
本經的內容在諸經典中可謂精華中的精華，如果抽掉了本經，正法也就不能再稱之為正法了。本經的重點是佛陀在古印度的拘樓國劍磨瑟曇城時，教導諸比丘以四念處的修行來徹底擺脫憂愁等各種煩惱，最終達到解脫涅槃的目標。佛陀在本經中對四念處的義理和修行做了詳細的解釋。
在上座部佛教國家，將本經收錄為《護衛經》之一，對佛教徒的重要性可見一斑。我們在《法句經》的故事裡也可以看到如法居士（Dhammika）在臨終前便是請求比丘替他唸誦本經，他死後也順利轉生到兜率陀天。
本單元附上巴利語唸誦影音檔，雖不能百分百還原佛陀時代說法的盛況，但至少也務求盡量貼近原音重現，諸法友在閱讀本經文時可配合巴利語經文的吟誦，乘坐時光機重回古印度佛陀解說本經的時空現場。
今天是農曆四月十五日，同時是南傳佛教國家重視的衛塞節（Vesak）。什麼是衛塞節？這是南傳佛教傳統紀念佛陀的誕生、成道、及涅槃的紀念日。東南亞和南亞國家，如斯里蘭卡、泰國、緬甸、新加坡、馬來西亞等國的佛教徒，都會在這一年一度的重要節日中舉行盛大的慶典活動。本人也特別選在這一天受持八戒並翻譯本經，誠願以此微薄的功德：
願我在解脫涅槃以前都生生世世不墮惡道、愚蠢、及貧賤，能常投生在天界。
願消除我的五蓋，讓我自在入禪定無礙。
願我能成功觀透五蘊為：無常、苦、無我。
願我人間天上都能遠離及不遇惡知識、惡友、惡眷屬；常遇善知識、善友、善眷屬相伴、相助。願我能常得遇良師益友。
願此功德成為我速證解脫涅槃的助緣。
願迴向給護持三寶的諸天善神，尤其是北方毘沙門天王（Kuvera
Vaiśravaṇa）、三十三天帝釋、兜率天的彌勒菩薩、他化自在天的商主太子（未來彌勒佛時代的護法神）、色界初禪的大梵天王。願諸天神不嫌棄並隨喜我微薄的善業；願諸神的美貌、威勢、神通、壽命、眷屬都能增長；願諸神都能很快正向解脫，趨向涅槃。
願將翻譯本經文及
今日受持八戒的功德，迴向給我敬愛的母親、已故的父親、所有的讀者、一切眾生、及無始以來曾被我傷害過的一切眾生，願大家一同分享我翻譯本經文及今日受持八戒的功德，願大家的隨喜能遠離一切痛苦，平安又喜樂，並成為早日獲得解脫的助緣。
Sādhu！Sādhu！Sādhu！
選譯自《中阿含經》之《大念處經》
喬正一白話譯於西元2016/5/21農曆四月十五日之八關齋戒日
我是這樣聽聞的：
有一次，佛陀在古印度拘樓瘦這個國家遊方，並暫時住在劍磨瑟曇拘樓的都市裡。
當時，世尊告訴諸比丘：「有一條道路，能淨化眾生，令眾生橫度一切的煩惱與恐懼，滅除一切的苦惱，斷除一切悲傷啼哭，證得正法。這條神聖的道路就是四念處。
舉凡過去、乃至未來的一切諸佛，都已徹底斷除了五蓋，淨化了令心智贏弱的垢染黏著，立心正住於四念處，修七覺支，而證得了無上正盡之覺；我現在也已證得如來、無所著、等正覺，我也徹底斷除了五蓋，淨化了令智慧贏弱的心穢，立心正住於四念處，修七覺支，證得了無上正盡之覺。
什麼是四念處呢？分別是：觀身如身念處，觀覺（受）如覺（受）念處，觀心如心念處，觀法如法念處。
什麼是觀身如身念處？比丘們，當你們行走時則清楚了知你們在行走，停住時則知你們已停住，坐下時則清楚了知你們已坐下，躺臥時則清楚了知你們在躺臥，閉目安息時則清楚了知閉目安息，醒來時則清楚了知已醒來，入睡時則清楚了知將入睡。就是這樣，比丘凝視觀察（了了分明）內身就只是身而已，凝視觀察（了了分明）外身就只是身而已，都是無常、苦、無我、不淨，不是常、樂、我、淨，立（正）念在身，有知有見，有明有達，這就是所謂『比丘觀身如身』。
比丘觀身如身也是指比丘以正知清楚了知自己的一切出入行動，仔細觀察每一個動作，如：屈、伸、低、仰，儀容庠序，穿著僧伽衣服及執持諸衣鉢，舉凡行、住、坐、臥、眠、寤、語、默等每一項動作皆正知清楚了知，念念分明。就是這樣，比丘凝視觀察（了了分明）內身就只是身而已，凝視觀察（了了分明）外身就只是身而已，都是無常、苦、無我、不淨，不是常、樂、我、淨，立（正）念在身，有知有見，有明有達，這就是所謂『比丘觀身如身』。
比丘觀身如身的意思也是指當比丘生惡念、不善念時，以憶念善法來治、斷、滅、止這些惡念，猶如木工師或木工師的弟子，拿著墨繩纏捆著木頭，則以利斧斫治令直，如是，比丘生惡不善念，以憶念善法來治、斷、滅、止這些惡念。就是這樣，比丘凝視觀察（了了分明）內身就只是身而已，凝視觀察（了了分明）外身就只是身而已，都是無常、苦、無我、不淨，不是常、樂、我、淨，立（正）念在身，有知有見，有明有達，這就是所謂『比丘觀身如身』。
觀身如身也是指比丘齒齒相著，舌逼（抵）上齶，以正念清楚了知這兩項動作來調伏粗糙、紊亂的心念，治、斷、滅、止心中的惡念，猶如二名孔武有力的壯士各自站在一旁捉住一個虛（瘦）弱的人，將此人抬起四處繞著轉動，自任己意而毫無阻礙地練習敏銳的知覺及正念。就是這樣，比丘凝視觀察（了了分明）內身就只是身而已，凝視觀察（了了分明）外身就只是身而已，都是無常、苦、無我、不淨，不是常、樂、我、淨，立（正）念在身，有知有見，有明有達，這就是所謂『比丘觀身如身』。
比丘觀身如身也是指比丘念入息（吸）即清楚了知念入息，念出息（呼）即清楚了知念出息；入息長即清楚了知入息長，出息長即清楚了知出息長；入息短即清楚了知入息短，出息短即清楚了知出息短；清楚感受一切身息入，清楚感受一切身息出；清楚覺知吸氣漸漸趨緩、微細、靜止，清楚覺知呼氣漸漸趨緩、微細、靜止。就是這樣，比丘凝視觀察（了了分明）內身就只是身而已，凝視觀察（了了分明）外身就只是身而已，都是無常、苦、無我、不淨，不是常、樂、我、淨，立（正）念在身，有知有見，有明有達，這就是所謂『比丘觀身如身』。
觀身如身也是指比丘離生喜與樂（初禪），這種喜樂的覺受（初禪）潤澤全身，喜與樂普遍充滿於此身中，離生喜、樂的正受週身無處不遍，猶如一個善於沐浴清潔的人，他將浴盆放滿了洗澡的沐浴精，跟水調和，清洗全身，全身每一處都洗到。就是這樣，比丘凝視觀察（了了分明）內身就只是身而已，凝視觀察（了了分明）外身就只是身而已，都是無常、苦、無我、不淨，不是常、樂、我、淨，立（正）念在身，有知有見，有明有達，這就是所謂『比丘觀身如身』。
觀身如身也是指比丘定生喜樂（二禪），二禪的喜樂遍及全身，全身都沈浸在二禪的喜樂中，於此身中定生喜樂，無處不遍，猶如清淨、純淨的山泉，從四方而來的泉水都是從泉底汩汩涌出，滿溢後向外流出，潤漬整座山林大澤，普遍充滿，無處不周。就是這樣，比丘凝視觀察（了了分明）內身就只是身而已，凝視觀察（了了分明）外身就只是身而已，都是無常、苦、無我、不淨，不是常、樂、我、淨，立（正）念在身，有知有見，有明有達，這就是所謂『比丘觀身如身』。
觀身如身也是指比丘無喜生樂（三禪），三禪的無喜生樂遍及全身，全身都沈浸在三禪的無喜生樂中，於此身中無喜生樂，猶如青、紅、赤、白等各色的水蓮，它們的根、莖、花、葉都是都是水生水長，都受到水的潤澤，普遍充滿，無處不周。就是這樣，比丘凝視觀察（了了分明）內身就只是身而已，凝視觀察（了了分明）外身就只是身而已，都是無常、苦、無我、不淨，不是常、樂、我、淨，立（正）念在身，有知有見，有明有達，這就是所謂『比丘觀身如身』。
觀身如身也是指比丘於此身中以清淨心意解遍滿成就遊（第四禪的捨念清淨成就），於此身中以清淨心無處不遍，就好比有一個人從頭到腳被七肘或八肘的衣服包覆著全身。就是這樣，比丘凝視觀察（了了分明）內身就只是身而已，凝視觀察（了了分明）外身就只是身而已，都是無常、苦、無我、不淨，不是常、樂、我、淨，立（正）念在身，有知有見，有明有達，這就是所謂『比丘觀身如身』。
觀身如身也是指光明想，比丘善受善持、善憶所念光明亮點，如前後亦然，如後前亦然；如晝夜亦然，如夜晝亦然；如下上亦然，如上下亦然。就這樣不顛倒，心無有纏，修光明心，心終不為黑闇所覆。就是這樣，比丘凝視觀察（了了分明）內身就只是身而已，凝視觀察（了了分明）外身就只是身而已，都是無常、苦、無我、不淨，不是常、樂、我、淨，立（正）念在身，有知有見，有明有達，這就是所謂『比丘觀身如身』。
觀身如身也是指比丘抽離自己客觀觀察自己的一切，就好比一有人坐著在觀看一個躺臥的人，或一個躺臥的人在觀看一個坐著的人。就是這樣，比丘凝視觀察（了了分明）內身就只是身而已，凝視觀察（了了分明）外身就只是身而已，都是無常、苦、無我、不淨，不是常、樂、我、淨，立（正）念在身，有知有見，有明有達，這就是所謂『比丘觀身如身』。
觀身如身也是指不淨觀，比丘此身隨住，隨其好惡，從頭到腳，觀看身體充滿各種不淨的穢物，他可以這樣觀照：『我此身中有髮、髦、爪、齒、粗細的肌膚、皮、肉、筋、骨、心、腎、肝、肺、大腸、小腸、脾、胃、糞、腦及腦髓、淚、汗、涕、唾、膿、血、肪、髓、涎、痰、小便。』就好比盛放著若干種子的盆子裡，有眼睛的人都可以清楚看見並分辨出盆子裡的稻、粟種、蔓菁、芥子…..。就是這樣，比丘凝視觀察（了了分明）內身就只是身而已，凝視觀察（了了分明）外身就只是身而已，都是無常、苦、無我、不淨，不是常、樂、我、淨，立（正）念在身，有知有見，有明有達，這就是所謂『比丘觀身如身』。
觀身如身也是指四大（六大）分別觀，比丘觀看身體的各種元素，他可以這樣觀察：『我此身中有地界、水界、火界、風界、空界、識界。』就好比屠夫宰殺牛，將牛的皮給剝下來，然後攤在地上，再將牛皮給分割成六段。就是這樣，比丘凝視觀察（了了分明）內身就只是身而已，凝視觀察（了了分明）外身就只是身而已，都是無常、苦、無我、不淨，不是常、樂、我、淨，立（正）念在身，有知有見，有明有達，這就是所謂『比丘觀身如身』。
觀身如身也是指死屍觀，一具已死了一、二日……至六、七日的屍體，被烏鴉所啄，被豺狼所食，被火燒，被土埋….，不管怎樣屍體都已腐爛敗壞，比丘觀察到死屍後自忖：『我的身體終有一天也將如此，不可避免。』就是這樣，比丘凝視觀察（了了分明）內身就只是身而已，凝視觀察（了了分明）外身就只是身而已，都是無常、苦、無我、不淨，不是常、樂、我、淨，立（正）念在身，有知有見，有明有達，這就是所謂『比丘觀身如身』。
觀身如身也是指墳塚觀，比丘在墳塚或亂葬崗，看見青色的骸骨，皮肉都已爛腐，只剩半節，骨璅在地，比丘看見後自忖：『我的身體終有一天也將如此，不可避免。』就是這樣，比丘凝視觀察（了了分明）內身就只是身而已，凝視觀察（了了分明）外身就只是身而已，都是無常、苦、無我、不淨，不是常、樂、我、淨，立（正）念在身，有知有見，有明有達，這就是所謂『比丘觀身如身』。
觀身如身也是指墳塚觀，比丘在墳塚或亂葬崗，目睹皮開肉綻的骨頭，只剩筋脈相連，比丘看見後自忖：『我的身體終有一天也將如此，不可避免。』就是這樣，比丘凝視觀察（了了分明）內身就只是身而已，凝視觀察（了了分明）外身就只是身而已，都是無常、苦、無我、不淨，不是常、樂、我、淨，立（正）念在身，有知有見，有明有達，這就是所謂『比丘觀身如身』。
觀身如身也是指墳塚觀，比丘在墳塚或亂葬崗，目睹骨節肢解分散在各方，足骨、膞骨、髀骨、髖骨、脊骨、肩骨、頸骨、髑髏骨等各在異處，比丘看見後自忖：『我的身體終有一天也將如此，不可避免。』就是這樣，比丘凝視觀察（了了分明）內身就只是身而已，凝視觀察（了了分明）外身就只是身而已，都是無常、苦、無我、不淨，不是常、樂、我、淨，立（正）念在身，有知有見，有明有達，這就是所謂『比丘觀身如身』。
觀身如身也是指白骨觀，比丘在墳塚或亂葬崗，目睹白骨如螺，青猶鴿色，赤若血塗，腐壞碎粖，比丘看見後自忖：『我的身體終有一天也將如此，不可避免。』就是這樣，比丘凝視觀察（了了分明）內身就只是身而已，凝視觀察（了了分明）外身就只是身而已，都是無常、苦、無我、不淨，不是常、樂、我、淨，立（正）念在身，有知有見，有明有達，這就是所謂『比丘觀身如身』。
若比丘、比丘尼於日常生活中能稍微做到如以上所述的修行，便是所謂的『觀身如身念處』。
什麼是觀受如受念處？
比丘感受到樂受時便清楚覺知是樂受；感受到苦受時便清楚覺知是苦受；感受到不苦不樂受時便清楚覺知是不苦不樂受；感受到身體上的樂受……身體的苦受……身體的不苦不樂受；……心的樂受……心的苦受……心的不苦不樂受；……肉體的樂受……肉體的苦受……肉體的不苦不樂受；……精神的樂受……精神的苦受……精神的不苦不樂受；……樂欲……苦欲……不苦不樂欲……樂無欲受……苦無欲受……不苦不樂無欲受時便清楚覺知是不苦不樂無欲受。就是這樣，比丘觀內受如受，觀外受如受，立（正）念在覺受上，有知有見，有明有達，這就是所謂觀受如受。
若比丘、比丘尼於日常生活中能稍微做到如以上所述的修行，就是所謂『觀受如受念處』。
什麼是觀心如心念處？比丘如果有貪欲心生起時便清楚覺知有貪欲心，無貪欲心時便清楚覺知無貪欲心；有瞋恚、無恚……有愚癡、無愚癡……有穢污、無穢污……有合、有散……有下、有高……有小、有大……修、不修……定、不定……有不解脫心清楚知不解脫心、有解脫心清楚知解脫心。就是這樣，比丘觀內心如心，觀外心如心，立（正）念在心，對自己的一切心理狀態都念念分明，有知有見，有明有達，就是所謂觀心如心。
若有比丘、比丘尼於日常生活中能稍微做到以上的修行如是，便是所謂『觀心如心念處』。
什麼是觀法如法念處？當眼睛看見外在的色境時，心中產生了貪愛、黏著、執著、抓取等煩惱心結，而比丘能很清楚了知心中真的產生了貪愛、黏著、執著、抓取等煩惱心結，沒有貪愛、黏著、執著、抓取等煩惱心結也能很清楚了知；若尚未產生貪愛、黏著、執著、抓取等煩惱心結也能很清楚了知，若已產生了貪愛、黏著、執著、抓取等煩惱心結也很清楚了知。如是耳、鼻、舌、身、意等諸根緣外在的一切法產生煩惱等心結也都能很清楚了知，沒有煩惱心結也很清楚了知；尚未產生的煩惱心結若生起時也很清楚了知，已產生的煩惱結若消滅不復再生時也都能很清楚了知。以上，就是觀內法如法，觀外法如法，立（正）念在法（煩惱），對煩惱的生與滅都能清楚了知、念念分明，有知有見，有明有達，就是所謂『觀法如法』，也就是所謂的『內六處』。
觀法如法也是指比丘心中有貪欲時清楚了知有貪欲，沒有貪欲時則清楚了知沒有貪欲；尚未生起的貪欲若生起時則清楚了知，已生的貪欲若消滅且不復再生時也清楚了知。同樣的，有瞋恚、睡眠、掉舉、疑等五蓋都能如實清楚了知有五蓋，若沒有五蓋則清楚了知沒有無蓋；若未生的五蓋已生起時也清楚了知，若已生的五蓋消滅不復再生時也都清楚了知。以上，就是觀內法如法，觀外法如法，立（正）念在法（五蓋），有知有見，有明有達，就是所謂的『觀法如法』，也就是所謂的『五蓋』。
觀法如法也是指當比丘心中有念覺支時則清楚了知有念覺支，無念覺支時則清楚了知無念覺支；尚未生起的念覺支若生起時則清楚了知，已生的念覺支若住而不忘、不衰退，轉修增廣時則清楚了知。同樣的，心中有擇法……精進……喜……息……定……捨等七覺支，便清楚了知有七覺支，若無七覺支則清楚了知無七覺支；尚未生起的七覺支若生起時則清楚了知，已生起的七覺支住而不忘、不衰退，轉修增廣實則清楚了知。以上，就是觀內法如法，觀外法如法，立（正）念在法（心中的七覺知），有知有見，有明有達，就是所謂比丘觀法如法，就是『七覺支』。
若有比丘、比丘尼能稍微做到如上所述的修行，就是所謂的『觀法如法念處』。
若有比丘、比丘尼能在七年中立心正住於四念處者，此人必能證得二種道與果，此人可能今生證得究竟解脫智（阿羅漢），也可能證得有餘阿那含三果。不一定是七年，也可能是六年……五年……四年……三年……二年……一年……，也可能是七個月，六個月……五個月……四個月……三個月……二個月……一個月……甚至是七天七夜，只要比丘或比丘尼能立心正住於四念處者，此人必能證得二種道與果，此人有可能在今生就證得究竟解脫智（阿羅漢），也可能證得有餘阿那含三果；不要說是七天七夜了，也可能是六天……五天……四天……三天……二天……甚至是一天一夜……若有比丘、比丘尼能在須臾間稍微立心正住於四念處者，只要此人在白天時能認真如是修行，那麼他們到了晚上時在修行上必能大有精進；反之，若在晚間能如是精進修行，那麼此人到了白天在修行上也必將大有進步。」
當佛陀說完本經後，諸比丘聽聞佛所說的正法，都心生歡喜，並依法奉行。
原文/
中阿含98經/念處經(因品)
我聞如是：
一時，佛遊拘樓瘦，在劍磨瑟曇拘樓都邑。
爾時，世尊告諸比丘：
「有一道，淨眾生，度憂畏，滅苦惱，斷啼哭，得正法，謂：四念處。若有過去諸如來、無所著、等正覺悉斷五蓋：心穢、慧羸，立心正住於四念處，修七覺支，得覺無上正盡之覺；若有未來諸如來、無所著、等正覺悉斷五蓋：心穢、慧羸，立心正住於四念處，修七覺支，得覺無上正盡之覺；我今現在如來、無所著、等正覺，我亦斷五蓋：心穢、慧羸，立心正住於四念處，修七覺支，得覺無上正盡之覺。
云何為四？觀身如身念處，{如是觀覺心法}[觀覺如覺念處，觀心如心念處，觀法]如法念處。
云何觀身如身念處？比丘者，行則知行，住則知住，坐則知坐，臥則知臥，眠則知眠，寤則知寤，眠{寐}[寤]則知眠寤。如是，比丘觀內身如身，觀外身如身，立念在身，有知有見，有明有達，是謂：比丘觀身如身。
復次，比丘觀身如身：比丘者，正知出入，善觀分別，屈伸低{昂}[仰]，儀容庠序，善著僧伽梨及諸衣鉢，行、住、坐、臥、眠、寤、語、默皆正知之。如是，比丘觀內身如身，觀外身如身，立念在身，有知有見，有明有達，是謂：比丘觀身如身。
復次，比丘觀身如身：比丘者，生惡不善念，以善法念治斷滅止，猶木工師、木工弟子，彼持墨繩，用{拼}[絣]於木，則以利斧斫治令直，如是，比丘生惡不善念，以善法念治斷滅止。如是，比丘觀內身如身，觀外身如身，立念在身，有知有見，有明有達，是謂：比丘觀身如身。
復次，比丘觀身如身：比丘者，齒齒相著，舌逼上齶，以心治心，治斷滅止，猶二力士捉一羸人，處處捉旋，自在打鍛，如是，比丘齒齒相著，舌逼上齶，以心治心，治斷滅止。如是，比丘觀內身如身，觀外身如身，立念在身，有知有見，有明有達，是謂：比丘觀身如身。
復次，比丘觀身如身：比丘者，念入息即知念入息，念出息即知念出息，入息長即知入息長，出息長即知出息長，入息短即知入息短，出息短即知出息短，學一切身息入，{覺}[學]一切身息出，學止身行息入，學止口行息出。如是，比丘觀內身如身，觀外身如身，立念在身，有知有見，有明有達，是謂：比丘觀身如身。
復次，比丘觀身如身：比丘者，離生喜、樂，漬身潤澤，普遍充滿於此身中，離生喜、樂無處不遍，猶工浴人器盛澡豆，水和成摶，水漬潤澤，普遍充滿無處不周，如是，比丘離生喜、樂，漬身潤澤，普遍充滿於此身中，離生喜、樂，無處不遍。如是，比丘觀內身如身，觀外身如身，立念在身，有知有見，有明有達，是謂：比丘觀身如身。
復次，比丘觀身如身：比丘者，定生喜樂，漬身潤澤，普遍充滿，於此身中，定生喜樂，無處不遍，猶如山泉，清淨不濁，充滿流溢，四方水來，無緣得入，即彼泉底，水自涌出，流溢於外，漬山潤澤，普遍充滿，無處不周，如是，比丘定生喜樂，漬身潤澤，普遍充滿，於此身中，定生喜樂，無處不遍。如是，比丘觀內身如身，觀外身如身，立念在身，有知有見，有明有達，是謂：比丘觀身如身。
復次，比丘觀身如身：比丘者，無喜生樂，漬身潤澤，普遍充滿，於此身中，無喜生樂，無處不遍，猶青蓮華，紅赤白蓮，水生水長，在於水底，彼根莖華葉，悉漬潤澤，普遍充滿，無處不周，如是，比丘無喜生樂，漬身潤澤，普遍充滿，於此身中，無喜生樂，無處不遍。如是，比丘觀內身如身，觀外身如身，立念在身，有知有見，有明有達，是謂：比丘觀身如身。
復次，比丘觀身如身：比丘者，於此身中以清淨心意解遍滿成就遊，於此身中，以清淨心無處不遍，猶有一人，被七肘衣或八肘衣，從頭至足，於其身體無處不覆，如是，比丘於此身中，以清淨心無處不遍。如是，比丘觀內身如身，觀外身如身，立念在身，有知有見，有明有達，是謂：比丘觀身如身。
復次，比丘觀身如身：比丘者，念光明想，善受善持，善憶所念，如前後亦然，如後前亦然，如晝夜亦然，如夜晝亦然，如下上亦然，如上下亦然，如是，不顛倒，心無有纏，修光明心，心終不為闇之所覆。如是，比丘觀內身如身，觀外身如身，立念在身，有知有見，有明有達，是謂：比丘觀身如身。
復次，比丘觀身如身：比丘者，善受觀相，善憶所念，猶如有人坐觀臥人，臥觀坐人，如是，比丘善受觀相，善憶所念。如是，比丘觀內身如身，觀外身如身，立念在身，有知有見，有明有達，是謂：比丘觀身如身。
復次，比丘觀身如身：比丘者，此身隨住，隨其好惡，從頭至足，觀見種種不淨充滿：『我此身中有髮、髦、爪、齒、麁細薄膚、皮、肉、筋、骨、心、腎、肝、肺、大腸、小腸、脾、胃、摶糞、腦及腦根、淚、汗、涕、唾、膿、血、肪、髓、涎、{膽}[痰]、小便。』猶如器盛若干種子，有目之士，悉見分明，謂：稻、粟種、蔓菁、芥子，如是，比丘此身隨住，隨其好惡，從頭至足，觀見種種不淨充滿：『我此身中有髮、髦、爪、齒、麁細薄膚、皮、肉、筋、骨、心、腎、肝、肺、大腸、小腸、脾、胃、摶糞、腦及腦根、淚、汗、涕、唾、膿、血、肪、髓、涎、痰、小便。』如是，比丘觀內身如身，觀外身如身，立念在身，有知有見，有明有達，是謂：比丘觀身如身。
復次，比丘觀身如身：比丘者，觀身諸界：『我此身中有地界、水界、火界、風界、空界、識界。』猶如屠兒殺牛，剝皮布{地於}[於地]上，分作六段，如是，比丘觀身諸界：『我此身中，地界、水界、火界、風界、空界、識界。』如是，比丘觀內身如身，觀外身如身，立念在身，有知有見，有明有達，是謂：比丘觀身如身。
復次，比丘觀身如身：比丘者，觀彼死屍，或一、二日……至六、七日，烏鵄所啄，豺狼所食，火燒埋地，悉腐爛壞，見已自比：『今我此身亦復如是，俱有此法，終不得離。』如是，比丘觀內身如身，觀外身如身，立念在身，有知有見，有明有達，是謂：比丘觀身如身。
復次，比丘觀身如身：比丘者，如本見息道，骸骨青色，爛腐{食}[餘]半，骨璅在地，見已自比：『今我此身亦復如是，俱有此法，終不得離。』如是，比丘觀內身如身，觀外身如身，立念在身，有知有見，有明有達，是謂：比丘觀身如身。
復次，比丘觀身如身：比丘者，如本見息道，離皮肉血，唯筋相連，見已自比：『今我此身亦復如是，俱有此法，終不得離。』如是，比丘觀內身如身，觀外身如身，立念在身，有知有見，有明有達，是謂：比丘觀身如身。
復次，比丘觀身如身：比丘者，如本見息道，骨節解散，散在諸方，足骨、膞骨、髀骨、髖骨、脊骨、肩骨、頸骨、髑髏骨，各在異處，見已自比：『今我此身亦復如是，俱有此法，終不得離。』如是，比丘觀內身如身，觀外身如身，立念在身，有知有見，有明有達，是謂：比丘觀身如身。
復次，比丘觀身如身：比丘者，如本見息道，骨白如螺，青猶鴿色，赤若血塗，腐壞碎粖，見已自比：『今我此身亦復如是，俱有此法，終不得離。』如是，比丘觀內身如身，觀外身如身，立念在身，有知有見，有明有達，是謂：比丘觀身如身。
若比丘、比丘尼如是少少觀身如身者，是謂：觀身如身念處。
云何觀覺如覺念處？比丘者，覺樂覺時便知覺樂覺；覺苦覺時便知覺苦覺；覺不苦不樂覺時便知覺不苦不樂覺；覺樂身……苦身……不苦不樂身……樂心……苦心……不苦不樂心……樂食……苦食……不苦不樂食……樂無食……苦無食……不苦不樂無食……樂欲……苦欲……不苦不樂欲……樂無欲[覺]……苦無欲覺……不苦不樂無欲覺時便知覺不苦不樂無欲覺。如是，比丘觀內覺如覺，觀外覺如覺，立念在覺，有知有見，有明有達，是謂：比丘觀覺如覺。若比丘、比丘尼如是少少觀覺如覺者，是謂：觀覺如覺念處。
云何觀心如心念處？比丘者，有欲心知有欲心如真，無欲心知無欲心如真，有恚無恚……有癡無癡……有穢污無穢污……有合有散……有下有高……有小有大……修不修……定不定……有不解脫心知不解脫心如真，有解脫心知解脫心如真。如是，比丘觀內心如心，觀外心如心，立念在心，有知有見，有明有達，是謂：比丘觀心如心。若有比丘、比丘尼如是，少少觀心如心者，是謂：觀心如心念處。
云何觀法如法念處？眼緣色生內結：比丘者，內實有結知內有結如真，內實無結知內無結如真，若未生內結而生者知如真，若已生內結滅不復生者知如真。如是，耳、鼻、舌、身，意緣法生內結：比丘者，內實有結知內有結如真，內實無結知內無結如真，若未生內結而生者知如真，若已生內結滅不復生者知如真。如是，比丘觀內法如法，觀外法如法，立念在法，有知有見，有明有達，是謂：比丘觀法如法，謂：內六處。
復次，比丘觀法如法：比丘者，內實有欲知有欲如真，內實無欲知無欲如真，若未生欲而生者知如真，若已生欲滅不復生者知如真。如是，瞋恚、睡眠、{調}[掉]悔，內實有疑知有疑如真，內實無疑知無疑如真，若未生疑而生者知如真，若已生疑滅不復生者知如真。如是，比丘觀內法如法，觀外法如法，立念在法，有知有見，有明有達，是謂：比丘觀法如法，謂：五蓋也。
復次，比丘觀法如法：比丘者，內實有念覺支知有念覺支如真，內實無念覺支知無念覺支如真，若未生念覺支而生者知如真，若已生念覺支便住不忘而不衰退，轉修增廣者知如真。如是，[擇]法……精進……喜……息……定……比丘者，內實有捨覺支知有捨覺支如真，內實無捨覺支知無捨覺支如真，若未生捨覺支而生者知如真，若已生捨覺支便住不忘而不衰退，轉修增廣者知如真。如是，比丘觀內法如法，觀外法如法，立念在法，有知有見，有明有達，是謂：比丘觀法如法，謂：七覺支。若有比丘、比丘尼如是少少觀法如法者，是謂：觀法如法念處。
若有比丘、比丘尼七年立心正住四念處者，彼必得二果，或現法得究竟智，或有餘得阿那含。置七年，六……五……四……三……二……一年……若有比丘、比丘尼七月立心正住四念處者，彼必得二果，或現法得究竟智，或有餘得阿那含。置七月，六……五……四……三……二……一月……若有比丘、比丘尼七日七夜立心正住四念處者，彼必得二果，或現法得究竟智，或有餘得阿那含。置七日七夜，六……五……四……三……二……置一日一夜……若有比丘、比丘尼少少須臾頃立心正住四念處者，彼朝行如是，暮必得昇進；暮行如是，朝必得昇進。」
佛說如是，彼諸比丘聞佛所說，歡喜奉行。
巴利語經文
MN.10/(10) Mahāsatipaṭṭhānasuttaṃ
105. Evaṃ me sutaṃ– ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā kurūsu viharati kammāsadhammaṃ nāma
kurūnaṃ nigamo. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi– “bhikkhavo”ti.
“Bhadante”ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca–
Uddeso
106. “Ekāyano ayaṃ, bhikkhave, maggo sattānaṃ visuddhiyā, sokaparidevānaṃ
samatikkamāya, dukkhadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamāya, ñāyassa adhigamāya,
nibbānassa sacchikiriyāya, yadidaṃ cattāro satipaṭṭhānā.
“Katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati ātāpī
sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ; vedanāsu vedanānupassī
viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ; citte
cittānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke
abhijjhādomanassaṃ; dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā,
vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ.
Uddeso
niṭṭhito.
Kāyānupassanā ānāpānapabbaṃ
107. “Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati? Idha,
bhikkhave, bhikkhu araññagato vā rukkhamūlagato vā suññāgāragato vā nisīdati,
pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā, ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya, parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā. So
satova assasati, satova passasati. Dīghaṃ vā assasanto ‘dīghaṃ assasāmī’ti
pajānāti, dīghaṃ vā passasanto ‘dīghaṃ passasāmī’ti pajānāti, rassaṃ vā
assasanto ‘rassaṃ assasāmī’ti pajānāti, rassaṃ vā passasanto ‘rassaṃ
passasāmī’ti pajānāti, ‘sabbakāyapaṭisaṃvedī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati,
‘sabbakāyapaṭisaṃvedī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati ‘passambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ
assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘passambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ passasissāmī’ti
sikkhati.
“Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, dakkho bhamakāro vā bhamakārantevāsī vā dīghaṃ vā
añchanto ‘dīghaṃ añchāmī’ti pajānāti, rassaṃ vā añchanto ‘rassaṃ añchāmī’ti
pajānāti; evameva kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dīghaṃ vā assasanto ‘dīghaṃ
assasāmī’ti pajānāti, dīghaṃ vā passasanto ‘dīghaṃ passasāmī’ti pajānāti,
rassaṃ vā assasanto ‘rassaṃ assasāmī’ti pajānāti, rassaṃ vā passasanto
‘rassaṃ passasāmī’ti pajānāti; ‘sabbakāyapaṭisaṃvedī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati,
‘sabbakāyapaṭisaṃvedī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati; ‘passambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ
assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘passambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ passasissāmī’ti
sikkhati. Iti ajjhattaṃ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā kāye
kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati;
samudayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ
viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati. ‘Atthi kāyo’ti vā
panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya
anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evampi kho, bhikkhave,
bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.
Ānāpānapabbaṃ
niṭṭhitaṃ.
Kāyānupassanā iriyāpathapabbaṃ
108. “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu gacchanto vā ‘gacchāmī’ti pajānāti,
ṭhito vā ‘ṭhitomhī’ti pajānāti, nisinno vā ‘nisinnomhī’ti pajānāti, sayāno
vā ‘sayānomhī’ti pajānāti. Yathā yathā vā panassa kāyo paṇihito hoti tathā
tathā naṃ pajānāti. Iti ajjhattaṃ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā
kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati;
samudayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ
viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati. ‘Atthi kāyo’ti vā
panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya
anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evampi kho, bhikkhave,
bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.
Iriyāpathapabbaṃ
niṭṭhitaṃ.
Kāyānupassanā sampajānapabbaṃ
109. “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu abhikkante paṭikkante sampajānakārī
hoti, ālokite vilokite sampajānakārī hoti, samiñjite pasārite sampajānakārī
hoti, saṅghāṭipattacīvaradhāraṇe sampajānakārī hoti, asite pīte khāyite
sāyite sampajānakārī hoti, uccārapassāvakamme sampajānakārī hoti, gate ṭhite
nisinne sutte jāgarite bhāsite tuṇhībhāve sampajānakārī hoti. Iti ajjhattaṃ
vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati …pe… evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye
kāyānupassī viharati.
Sampajānapabbaṃ
niṭṭhitaṃ.
Kāyānupassanā paṭikūlamanasikārapabbaṃ
110. “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imameva kāyaṃ uddhaṃ pādatalā, adho
kesamatthakā, tacapariyantaṃ pūraṃ nānappakārassa asucino paccavekkhati–
‘atthi imasmiṃ kāye kesā lomā nakhā dantā taco maṃsaṃ nhāru aṭṭhi
aṭṭhimiñjaṃ vakkaṃ hadayaṃ yakanaṃ kilomakaṃ pihakaṃ papphāsaṃ antaṃ
antaguṇaṃ udariyaṃ karīsaṃ pittaṃ semhaṃ pubbo lohitaṃ sedo medo assu vasā
kheḷo siṅghāṇikā lasikā muttan’ti.
“Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, ubhatomukhā putoḷi pūrā nānāvihitassa dhaññassa,
seyyathidaṃ– sālīnaṃ vīhīnaṃ muggānaṃ māsānaṃ tilānaṃ taṇḍulānaṃ. Tamenaṃ
cakkhumā puriso muñcitvā paccavekkheyya– ‘ime sālī ime vīhī ime muggā ime
māsā ime tilā ime taṇḍulā’ti. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imameva kāyaṃ
uddhaṃ pādatalā, adho kesamatthakā, tacapariyantaṃ pūraṃ nānappakārassa
asucino paccavekkhati– ‘atthi imasmiṃ kāye kesā lomā …pe… muttan’ti.
“Iti ajjhattaṃ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati …pe… evampi kho, bhikkhave,
bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.
Paṭikūlamanasikārapabbaṃ
niṭṭhitaṃ.
Kāyānupassanā dhātumanasikārapabbaṃ
111. “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imameva kāyaṃ yathāṭhitaṃ
yathāpaṇihitaṃ dhātuso paccavekkhati– ‘atthi imasmiṃ kāye pathavīdhātu
āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti.
“Seyyathāpi bhikkhave, dakkho goghātako vā goghātakantevāsī vā gāviṃ
vadhitvā catumahāpathe bilaso vibhajitvā nisinno assa. Evameva kho,
bhikkhave, bhikkhu imameva kāyaṃ yathāṭhitaṃ yathāpaṇihitaṃ dhātuso
paccavekkhati– ‘atthi imasmiṃ kāye pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu
vāyodhātū’ti. Iti ajjhattaṃ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati …pe… evampi kho,
bhikkhave bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.
Dhātumanasikārapabbaṃ
niṭṭhitaṃ.
Kāyānupassanā navasivathikapabbaṃ
112. “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṃ
sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṃ ekāhamataṃ vā dvīhamataṃ vā tīhamataṃ vā uddhumātakaṃ
vinīlakaṃ vipubbakajātaṃ. So imameva kāyaṃ upasaṃharati– ‘ayampi kho kāyo
evaṃdhammo evaṃbhāvī evaṃ-anatīto’ti. Iti ajjhattaṃ vā kāye kāyānupassī
viharati …pe… evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.
“Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṃ sivathikāya
chaḍḍitaṃ kākehi vā khajjamānaṃ kulalehi vā khajjamānaṃ gijjhehi vā
khajjamānaṃ kaṅkehi vā khajjamānaṃ sunakhehi vā khajjamānaṃ byagghehi vā
khajjamānaṃ dīpīhi vā khajjamānaṃ siṅgālehi vā khajjamānaṃ vividhehi vā
pāṇakajātehi khajjamānaṃ. So imameva kāyaṃ upasaṃharati– ‘ayampi kho kāyo
evaṃdhammo evaṃbhāvī evaṃ-anatīto’ti. Iti ajjhattaṃ vā kāye kāyānupassī
viharati …pe… evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.
“Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṃ sivathikāya
chaḍḍitaṃ aṭṭhikasaṅkhalikaṃ samaṃsalohitaṃ nhārusambandhaṃ …pe…
aṭṭhikasaṅkhalikaṃ nimaṃsalohitamakkhitaṃ nhārusambandhaṃ …pe…
aṭṭhikasaṅkhalikaṃ apagatamaṃsalohitaṃ nhārusambandhaṃ …pe… aṭṭhikāni
apagatasambandhāni disā vidisā vikkhittāni, aññena hatthaṭṭhikaṃ aññena
pādaṭṭhikaṃ aññena gopphakaṭṭhikaṃ aññena jaṅghaṭṭhikaṃ aññena ūruṭṭhikaṃ
aññena kaṭiṭṭhikaṃ aññena phāsukaṭṭhikaṃ aññena piṭṭhiṭṭhikaṃ aññena
khandhaṭṭhikaṃ aññena gīvaṭṭhikaṃ aññena hanukaṭṭhikaṃ aññena dantaṭṭhikaṃ
aññena sīsakaṭāhaṃ. So imameva kāyaṃ upasaṃharati– ‘ayampi kho kāyo
evaṃdhammo evaṃbhāvī evaṃ-anatīto’ti. Iti ajjhattaṃ vā kāye kāyānupassī
viharati …pe… evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.
“Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṃ sivathikāya
chaḍḍitaṃ, aṭṭhikāni setāni saṅkhavaṇṇapaṭibhāgāni …pe… aṭṭhikāni
puñjakitāni terovassikāni …pe… aṭṭhikāni pūtīni cuṇṇakajātāni So imameva
kāyaṃ upasaṃharati– ‘ayampi kho kāyo evaṃdhammo evaṃbhāvī evaṃ-anatīto’ti.
Iti ajjhattaṃ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī
viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati;
samudayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ
viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati. ‘Atthi kāyo’ti vā
panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya
anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evampi kho, bhikkhave,
bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.
Navasivathikapabbaṃ
niṭṭhitaṃ.
Cuddasakāyānupassanā
niṭṭhitā.
Vedanānupassanā
113. “Kathañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati?
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sukhaṃ vā vedanaṃ vedayamāno ‘sukhaṃ vedanaṃ
vedayāmī’ti pajānāti; dukkhaṃ vā vedanaṃ vedayamāno ‘dukkhaṃ vedanaṃ
vedayāmī’ti pajānāti; adukkhamasukhaṃ vā vedanaṃ vedayamāno ‘adukkhamasukhaṃ
vedanaṃ vedayāmī’ti pajānāti; sāmisaṃ vā sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayamāno ‘sāmisaṃ
sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmī’ti pajānāti; nirāmisaṃ vā sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayamāno
‘nirāmisaṃ sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmī’ti pajānāti; sāmisaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vedanaṃ
vedayamāno ‘sāmisaṃ dukkhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmī’ti pajānāti; nirāmisaṃ vā
dukkhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayamāno ‘nirāmisaṃ dukkhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmī’ti pajānāti;
sāmisaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayamāno ‘sāmisaṃ adukkhamasukhaṃ
vedanaṃ vedayāmī’ti pajānāti; nirāmisaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vedanaṃ
vedayamāno ‘nirāmisaṃ adukkhamasukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmī’ti pajānāti; iti
ajjhattaṃ vā vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā vedanāsu
vedanānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati;
samudayadhammānupassī vā vedanāsu viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā vedanāsu
viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā vedanāsu viharati. ‘Atthi vedanā’ti
vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya
anissito ca viharati na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evampi kho, bhikkhave,
bhikkhu vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati.
Vedanānupassanā
niṭṭhitā.
Cittānupassanā
114. “Kathañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu citte cittānupassī viharati? Idha,
bhikkhave, bhikkhu sarāgaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘sarāgaṃ cittan’ti pajānāti, vītarāgaṃ
vā cittaṃ ‘vītarāgaṃ cittan’ti pajānāti; sadosaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘sadosaṃ
cittan’ti pajānāti, vītadosaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘vītadosaṃ cittan’ti pajānāti;
samohaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘samohaṃ cittan’ti pajānāti, vītamohaṃ vā cittaṃ
‘vītamohaṃ cittan’ti pajānāti; saṃkhittaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘saṃkhittaṃ cittan’ti
pajānāti, vikkhittaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘vikkhittaṃ cittan’ti pajānāti; mahaggataṃ vā
cittaṃ ‘mahaggataṃ cittan’ti pajānāti, amahaggataṃ vā cittaṃ ‘amahaggataṃ
cittan’ti pajānāti; sa-uttaraṃ vā cittaṃ ‘sa-uttaraṃ cittan’ti pajānāti,
anuttaraṃ vā cittaṃ ‘anuttaraṃ cittan’ti pajānāti; samāhitaṃ vā cittaṃ
‘samāhitaṃ cittan’ti pajānāti, asamāhitaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘asamāhitaṃ cittan’ti
pajānāti; vimuttaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘vimuttaṃ cittan’ti pajānāti, avimuttaṃ vā
cittaṃ ‘avimuttaṃ cittan’ti pajānāti. Iti ajjhattaṃ vā citte cittānupassī
viharati, bahiddhā vā citte cittānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā citte
cittānupassī viharati; samudayadhammānupassī vā cittasmiṃ viharati,
vayadhammānupassī vā cittasmiṃ viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā
cittasmiṃ viharati. ‘Atthi cittan’ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti.
Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke
upādiyati Evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu citte cittānupassī viharati.
Cittānupassanā
niṭṭhitā.
Dhammānupassanā nīvaraṇapabbaṃ
115. “Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati? Idha,
bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati pañcasu nīvaraṇesu.
Kathañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati pañcasu
nīvaraṇesu?
“Idha bhikkhave, bhikkhu santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ kāmacchandaṃ ‘atthi me
ajjhattaṃ kāmacchando’ti pajānāti, asantaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ kāmacchandaṃ ‘natthi
me ajjhattaṃ kāmacchando’ti pajānāti; yathā ca anuppannassa kāmacchandassa
uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa kāmacchandassa pahānaṃ hoti
tañca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa kāmacchandassa āyatiṃ anuppādo hoti tañca
pajānāti.
“Santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ byāpādaṃ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṃ byāpādo’ti pajānāti,
asantaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ byāpādaṃ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṃ byāpādo’ti pajānāti;
yathā ca anuppannassa byāpādassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca
uppannassa byāpādassa pahānaṃ hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa
byāpādassa āyatiṃ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti.
“Santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ thīnamiddhaṃ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṃ thīnamiddhan’ti
pajānāti, asantaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ thīnamiddhaṃ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṃ
thīnamiddhan’ti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa thīnamiddhassa uppādo hoti
tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa thīnamiddhassa pahānaṃ hoti tañca
pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa thīnamiddhassa āyatiṃ anuppādo hoti tañca
pajānāti.
“Santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ uddhaccakukkuccaṃ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṃ
uddhaccakukkuccan’ti pajānāti, asantaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ uddhaccakukkuccaṃ
‘natthi me ajjhattaṃ uddhaccakukkuccan’ti pajānāti; yathā ca anuppannassa
uddhaccakukkuccassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa
uddhaccakukkuccassa pahānaṃ hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa
uddhaccakukkuccassa āyatiṃ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti.
“Santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ vicikicchaṃ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṃ vicikicchā’ti pajānāti,
asantaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ vicikicchaṃ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṃ vicikicchā’ti pajānāti;
yathā ca anuppannāya vicikicchāya uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca
uppannāya vicikicchāya pahānaṃ hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnāya
vicikicchāya āyatiṃ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti.
“Iti ajjhattaṃ vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā dhammesu
dhammānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati;
samudayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu
viharati samudayavayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati. ‘Atthi dhammā’ti vā
panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya
anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evampi kho, bhikkhave,
bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati pañcasu nīvaraṇesu.
Nīvaraṇapabbaṃ
niṭṭhitaṃ.
Dhammānupassanā khandhapabbaṃ
116. “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati
pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu. Kathañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu
dhammānupassī viharati pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu–
‘iti rūpaṃ, iti rūpassa samudayo, iti rūpassa atthaṅgamo; iti vedanā, iti
vedanāya samudayo, iti vedanāya atthaṅgamo; iti saññā, iti saññāya samudayo,
iti saññāya atthaṅgamo; iti saṅkhārā, iti saṅkhārānaṃ samudayo, iti
saṅkhārānaṃ atthaṅgamo; iti viññāṇaṃ, iti viññāṇassa samudayo, iti
viññāṇassa atthaṅgamo’ti; iti ajjhattaṃ vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati,
bahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā dhammesu
dhammānupassī viharati; samudayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati,
vayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā
dhammesu viharati. ‘Atthi dhammā’ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti.
Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke
upādiyati. Evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati
pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu.
Khandhapabbaṃ
niṭṭhitaṃ.
Dhammānupassanā āyatanapabbaṃ
117. “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati chasu
ajjhattikabāhiresu āyatanesu. Kathañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu
dhammānupassī viharati chasu ajjhattikabāhiresu āyatanesu?
“Idha bhikkhave, bhikkhu cakkhuñca pajānāti, rūpe ca pajānāti, yañca
tadubhayaṃ paṭicca uppajjati saṃyojanaṃ tañca pajānāti, yathā ca
anuppannassa saṃyojanassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa
saṃyojanassa pahānaṃ hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa saṃyojanassa
āyatiṃ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti.
“Sotañca pajānāti, sadde ca pajānāti, yañca tadubhayaṃ paṭicca uppajjati
saṃyojanaṃ tañca pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa saṃyojanassa uppādo hoti
tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa saṃyojanassa pahānaṃ hoti tañca pajānāti,
yathā ca pahīnassa saṃyojanassa āyatiṃ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti.
“Ghānañca pajānāti, gandhe ca pajānāti, yañca tadubhayaṃ paṭicca uppajjati
saṃyojanaṃ tañca pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa saṃyojanassa uppādo hoti
tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa saṃyojanassa pahānaṃ hoti tañca pajānāti,
yathā ca pahīnassa saṃyojanassa āyatiṃ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti.
“Jivhañca pajānāti, rase ca pajānāti, yañca tadubhayaṃ paṭicca uppajjati
saṃyojanaṃ tañca pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa saṃyojanassa uppādo hoti
tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa saṃyojanassa pahānaṃ hoti tañca pajānāti,
yathā ca pahīnassa saṃyojanassa āyatiṃ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti.
“Kāyañca pajānāti, phoṭṭhabbe ca pajānāti, yañca tadubhayaṃ paṭicca
uppajjati saṃyojanaṃ tañca pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa saṃyojanassa
uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa saṃyojanassa pahānaṃ hoti
tañca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa saṃyojanassa āyatiṃ anuppādo hoti tañca
pajānāti.
“Manañca pajānāti, dhamme ca pajānāti, yañca tadubhayaṃ paṭicca uppajjati
saṃyojanaṃ tañca pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa saṃyojanassa uppādo hoti
tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa saṃyojanassa pahānaṃ hoti tañca pajānāti,
yathā ca pahīnassa saṃyojanassa āyatiṃ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti.
“Iti ajjhattaṃ vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā dhammesu
dhammānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati;
samudayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu
viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati. ‘Atthi dhammā’ti
vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya
anissito ca viharati na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evampi kho, bhikkhave,
bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati chasu ajjhattikabāhiresu āyatanesu.
Āyatanapabbaṃ
niṭṭhitaṃ.
Dhammānupassanā bojjhaṅgapabbaṃ
118. “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati
sattasu bojjhaṅgesu. Kathañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu
dhammānupassī viharati sattasu bojjhaṅgesu? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu santaṃ
vā ajjhattaṃ satisambojjhaṅgaṃ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṃ satisambojjhaṅgo’ti
pajānāti, asantaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ satisambojjhaṅgaṃ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṃ
satisambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa satisambojjhaṅgassa
uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa satisambojjhaṅgassa
bhāvanāya pāripūrī hoti tañca pajānāti.
“Santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgaṃ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṃ
dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, asantaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ
dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgaṃ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṃ dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgo’ti
pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgassa uppādo hoti
tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya
pāripūrī hoti tañca pajānāti.
“Santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ vīriyasambojjhaṅgaṃ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṃ
vīriyasambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, asantaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ vīriyasambojjhaṅgaṃ
‘natthi me ajjhattaṃ vīriyasambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa
vīriyasambojjhaṅgassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa
vīriyasambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya pāripūrī hoti tañca pajānāti.
“Santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ pītisambojjhaṅgaṃ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṃ
pītisambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, asantaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ pītisambojjhaṅgaṃ ‘natthi
me ajjhattaṃ pītisambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti yathā ca anuppannassa
pītisambojjhaṅgassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa
pītisambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya pāripūrī hoti tañca pajānāti.
“Santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ passaddhisambojjhaṅgaṃ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṃ
passaddhisambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, asantaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ
passaddhisambojjhaṅgaṃ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṃ passaddhisambojjhaṅgo’ti
pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa passaddhisambojjhaṅgassa uppādo hoti tañca
pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa passaddhisambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya pāripūrī
hoti tañca pajānāti.
“Santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ samādhisambojjhaṅgaṃ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṃ
samādhisambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, asantaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ samādhisambojjhaṅgaṃ
‘natthi me ajjhattaṃ samādhisambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa
samādhisambojjhaṅgassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa
samādhisambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya pāripūrī hoti tañca pajānāti.
“Santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ upekkhāsambojjhaṅgaṃ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṃ
upekkhāsambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, asantaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ upekkhāsambojjhaṅgaṃ
‘natthi me ajjhattaṃ upekkhāsambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa
upekkhāsambojjhaṅgassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa
upekkhāsambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya pāripūrī hoti tañca pajānāti
“Iti ajjhattaṃ vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā dhammesu
dhammānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati;
samudayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu
viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati. ‘Atthi dhammā’ti
vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya
anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evampi kho, bhikkhave,
bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati sattasu bojjhaṅgesu.
Bojjhaṅgapabbaṃ
niṭṭhitaṃ.
Dhammānupassanā saccapabbaṃ
119. “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati
catūsu ariyasaccesu. Kathañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu
dhammānupassī viharati catūsu ariyasaccesu? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ‘idaṃ
dukkhan’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo’ti yathābhūtaṃ
pajānāti, ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodho’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘ayaṃ
dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti.
Paṭhamabhāṇavāro
niṭṭhito.
Dukkhasaccaniddeso
120. “Katamañca bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ? Jātipi dukkhā, jarāpi dukkhā,
maraṇampi dukkhaṃ, sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsāpi dukkhā, appiyehi
sampayogopi dukkho, piyehi vippayogopi dukkho, yampicchaṃ na labhati tampi
dukkhaṃ, saṃkhittena pañcupādānakkhandhā dukkhā.
121. “Katamā ca, bhikkhave, jāti? Yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhi tamhi
sattanikāye jāti sañjāti okkanti abhinibbatti khandhānaṃ pātubhāvo
āyatanānaṃ paṭilābho, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, jāti.
122. “Katamā ca, bhikkhave, jarā? Yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhi tamhi
sattanikāye jarā jīraṇatā khaṇḍiccaṃ pāliccaṃ valittacatā āyuno saṃhāni
indriyānaṃ paripāko, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, jarā.
123. “Katamañca, bhikkhave, maraṇaṃ? Yaṃ tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhā tamhā
sattanikāyā cuti cavanatā bhedo antaradhānaṃ maccu maraṇaṃ kālaṅkiriyā
khandhānaṃ bhedo kaḷevarassa nikkhepo jīvitindriyassupacchedo, idaṃ vuccati,
bhikkhave, maraṇaṃ.
124. “Katamo ca, bhikkhave, soko? Yo kho, bhikkhave, aññataraññatarena
byasanena samannāgatassa aññataraññatarena dukkhadhammena phuṭṭhassa soko
socanā socitattaṃ antosoko antoparisoko, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, soko.
125. “Katamo ca, bhikkhave, paridevo? Yo kho, bhikkhave, aññataraññatarena
byasanena samannāgatassa aññataraññatarena dukkhadhammena phuṭṭhassa ādevo
paridevo ādevanā paridevanā ādevitattaṃ paridevitattaṃ, ayaṃ vuccati,
bhikkhave, paridevo.
126. “Katamañca, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ? Yaṃ kho, bhikkhave, kāyikaṃ dukkhaṃ
kāyikaṃ asātaṃ kāyasamphassajaṃ dukkhaṃ asātaṃ vedayitaṃ, idaṃ vuccati,
bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ.
127. “Katamañca, bhikkhave, domanassaṃ? Yaṃ kho, bhikkhave, cetasikaṃ
dukkhaṃ cetasikaṃ asātaṃ manosamphassajaṃ dukkhaṃ asātaṃ vedayitaṃ, idaṃ
vuccati, bhikkhave, domanassaṃ.
128. “Katamo ca, bhikkhave, upāyāso? Yo kho, bhikkhave, aññataraññatarena
byasanena samannāgatassa aññataraññatarena dukkhadhammena phuṭṭhassa āyāso
upāyāso āyāsitattaṃ upāyāsitattaṃ, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, upāyāso.
129. “Katamo ca, bhikkhave, appiyehi sampayogo dukkho? Idha yassa te honti
aniṭṭhā akantā amanāpā rūpā saddā gandhā rasā phoṭṭhabbā dhammā, ye vā
panassa te honti anatthakāmā ahitakāmā aphāsukakāmā ayogakkhemakāmā, yā tehi
saddhiṃ saṅgati samāgamo samodhānaṃ missībhāvo, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave,
appiyehi sampayogo dukkho.
130. “Katamo ca, bhikkhave, piyehi vippayogo dukkho? Idha yassa te honti
iṭṭhā kantā manāpā rūpā saddā gandhā rasā phoṭṭhabbā dhammā, ye vā panassa
te honti atthakāmā hitakāmā phāsukakāmā yogakkhemakāmā mātā vā pitā vā bhātā
vā bhaginī vā mittā vā amaccā vā ñātisālohitā vā, yā tehi saddhiṃ asaṅgati
asamāgamo asamodhānaṃ amissībhāvo, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, piyehi vippayogo
dukkho.
131. “Katamañca, bhikkhave, yampicchaṃ na labhati tampi dukkhaṃ?
Jātidhammānaṃ, bhikkhave sattānaṃ evaṃ icchā uppajjati – ‘aho vata mayaṃ na
jātidhammā assāma, na ca vata no jāti āgaccheyyā’ti. Na kho panetaṃ icchāya
pattabbaṃ, idampi yampicchaṃ na labhati tampi dukkhaṃ. Jarādhammānaṃ,
bhikkhave, sattānaṃ evaṃ icchā uppajjati– ‘aho vata mayaṃ na jarādhammā
assāma, na ca vata no jarā āgaccheyyā’ti. Na kho panetaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ,
idampi yampicchaṃ na labhati tampi dukkhaṃ. Byādhidhammānaṃ, bhikkhave,
sattānaṃ evaṃ icchā uppajjati– ‘aho vata mayaṃ na byādhidhammā assāma, na ca
vata no byādhi āgaccheyyā’ti. Na kho panetaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ, idampi
yampicchaṃ na labhati tampi dukkhaṃ. Maraṇadhammānaṃ, bhikkhave, sattānaṃ
evaṃ icchā uppajjati– ‘aho vata mayaṃ na maraṇadhammā assāma, na ca vata no
maraṇaṃ āgaccheyyā’ti. Na kho panetaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ, idampi yampicchaṃ
na labhati tampi dukkhaṃ. Sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsadhammānaṃ,
bhikkhave, sattānaṃ evaṃ icchā uppajjati– ‘aho vata mayaṃ na
sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsadhammā assāma, na ca vata no
sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsadhammā āgaccheyyun’ti. Na kho panetaṃ
icchāya pattabbaṃ, idampi yampicchaṃ na labhati tampi dukkhaṃ.
132. “Katame ca, bhikkhave, saṃkhittena pañcupādānakkhandhā dukkhā?
Seyyathidaṃ– rūpupādānakkhandho, vedanupādānakkhandho, saññupādānakkhandho ,
saṅkhārupādānakkhandho, viññāṇupādānakkhandho. Ime vuccanti, bhikkhave,
saṃkhittena pañcupādānakkhandhā dukkhā. Idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ
ariyasaccaṃ.
Samudayasaccaniddeso
133. “Katamañca, bhikkhave, dukkhasamudayaṃ ariyasaccaṃ? Yāyaṃ taṇhā
ponobbhavikā nandīrāgasahagatā tatratatrābhinandinī. Seyyathidaṃ– kāmataṇhā
bhavataṇhā vibhavataṇhā.
“Sā kho panesā, bhikkhave, taṇhā kattha uppajjamānā uppajjati, kattha
nivisamānā nivisati? Yaṃ loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā
uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati.
“Kiñca loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ? Cakkhu loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā
taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Sotaṃ loke …pe…
ghānaṃ loke… jivhā loke… kāyo loke… mano loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā
taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati.
“Rūpā loke… saddā loke… gandhā loke… rasā loke… phoṭṭhabbā loke… dhammā loke
piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā
nivisati.
“Cakkhuviññāṇaṃ loke… sotaviññāṇaṃ loke… ghānaviññāṇaṃ loke… jivhāviññāṇaṃ
loke… kāyaviññāṇaṃ loke… manoviññāṇaṃ loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā
taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati.
“Cakkhusamphasso loke… sotasamphasso loke… ghānasamphasso loke…
jivhāsamphasso loke… kāyasamphasso loke… manosamphasso loke piyarūpaṃ
sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati.
“Cakkhusamphassajā vedanā loke… sotasamphassajā vedanā loke…
ghānasamphassajā vedanā loke… jivhāsamphassajā vedanā loke… kāyasamphassajā
vedanā loke… manosamphassajā vedanā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā
uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati.
“Rūpasaññā loke… saddasaññā loke… gandhasaññā loke… rasasaññā loke…
phoṭṭhabbasaññā loke… dhammasaññā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā
uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati.
“Rūpasañcetanā loke… saddasañcetanā loke… gandhasañcetanā loke…
rasasañcetanā loke… phoṭṭhabbasañcetanā loke… dhammasañcetanā loke piyarūpaṃ
sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati.
“Rūpataṇhā loke… saddataṇhā loke… gandhataṇhā loke… rasataṇhā loke…
phoṭṭhabbataṇhā loke… dhammataṇhā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā
uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati.
“Rūpavitakko loke… saddavitakko loke… gandhavitakko loke… rasavitakko loke…
phoṭṭhabbavitakko loke… dhammavitakko loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā
taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati.
“Rūpavicāro loke… saddavicāro loke… gandhavicāro loke… rasavicāro loke…
phoṭṭhabbavicāro loke… dhammavicāro loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā
uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave,
dukkhasamudayaṃ ariyasaccaṃ.
Nirodhasaccaniddeso
134. “Katamañca, bhikkhave, dukkhanirodhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ? Yo tassāyeva taṇhāya
asesavirāganirodho cāgo paṭinissaggo mutti anālayo.
“Sā kho panesā, bhikkhave, taṇhā kattha pahīyamānā pahīyati, kattha
nirujjhamānā nirujjhati? Yaṃ loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā
pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati.
“Kiñca loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ? Cakkhu loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā
taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Sotaṃ loke …pe…
ghānaṃ loke… jivhā loke… kāyo loke… mano loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā
taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati.
“Rūpā loke… saddā loke… gandhā loke… rasā loke… phoṭṭhabbā loke… dhammā loke
piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā
nirujjhati.
“Cakkhuviññāṇaṃ loke… sotaviññāṇaṃ loke… ghānaviññāṇaṃ loke… jivhāviññāṇaṃ
loke… kāyaviññāṇaṃ loke… manoviññāṇaṃ loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā
taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati.
“Cakkhusamphasso loke… sotasamphasso loke… ghānasamphasso loke…
jivhāsamphasso loke… kāyasamphasso loke… manosamphasso loke piyarūpaṃ
sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati.
“Cakkhusamphassajā vedanā loke… sotasamphassajā vedanā loke…
ghānasamphassajā vedanā loke… jivhāsamphassajā vedanā loke… kāyasamphassajā
vedanā loke… manosamphassajā vedanā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā
pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati.
“Rūpasaññā loke… saddasaññā loke… gandhasaññā loke… rasasaññā loke…
phoṭṭhabbasaññā loke… dhammasaññā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā
pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati.
“Rūpasañcetanā loke… saddasañcetanā loke… gandhasañcetanā loke…
rasasañcetanā loke… phoṭṭhabbasañcetanā loke… dhammasañcetanā loke piyarūpaṃ
sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati.
“Rūpataṇhā loke… saddataṇhā loke… gandhataṇhā loke… rasataṇhā loke…
phoṭṭhabbataṇhā loke… dhammataṇhā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā
pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati.
“Rūpavitakko loke… saddavitakko loke… gandhavitakko loke… rasavitakko loke…
phoṭṭhabbavitakko loke… dhammavitakko loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā
taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati.
“Rūpavicāro loke… saddavicāro loke… gandhavicāro loke… rasavicāro loke…
phoṭṭhabbavicāro loke… dhammavicāro loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ. Etthesā taṇhā
pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhāmānā nirujjhati. Idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave,
dukkhanirodhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ.
Maggasaccaniddeso
135. “Katamañca, bhikkhave, dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ariyasaccaṃ?
Ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo seyyathidaṃ – sammādiṭṭhi sammāsaṅkappo
sammāvācā sammākammanto sammā-ājīvo sammāvāyāmo sammāsati sammāsamādhi.
“Katamā ca, bhikkhave, sammādiṭṭhi? Yaṃ kho, bhikkhave, dukkhe ñāṇaṃ,
dukkhasamudaye ñāṇaṃ, dukkhanirodhe ñāṇaṃ, dukkhanirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya
ñāṇaṃ. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, sammādiṭṭhi.
“Katamo ca, bhikkhave, sammāsaṅkappo? Nekkhammasaṅkappo abyāpādasaṅkappo
avihiṃsāsaṅkappo. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, sammāsaṅkappo.
“Katamā ca, bhikkhave, sammāvācā? Musāvādā veramaṇī, pisuṇāya vācāya
veramaṇī, pharusāya vācāya veramaṇī, samphappalāpā veramaṇī Ayaṃ vuccati,
bhikkhave, sammāvācā.
“Katamo ca, bhikkhave, sammākammanto? Pāṇātipātā veramaṇī, adinnādānā
veramaṇī, kāmesumicchācārā veramaṇī. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, sammākammanto.
“Katamo ca, bhikkhave, sammā-ājīvo? Idha, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako
micchā-ājīvaṃ pahāya sammā-ājīvena jīvitaṃ kappeti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave,
sammā-ājīvo.
“Katamo ca, bhikkhave, sammāvāyāmo? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu anuppannānaṃ
pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ anuppādāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ
ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati; uppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ
dhammānaṃ pahānāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ
paggaṇhāti padahati; anuppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ uppādāya chandaṃ
janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati; uppannānaṃ
kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ ṭhitiyā asammosāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya
pāripūriyā chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti
padahati. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, sammāvāyāmo.
“Katamā ca, bhikkhave, sammāsati? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī
viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ; vedanāsu
vedanānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke
abhijjhādomanassaṃ; citte cittānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā
vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ; dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati ātāpī
sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave,
sammāsati.
“Katamo ca, bhikkhave, sammāsamādhi? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivicceva
kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ
paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā ajjhattaṃ
sampasādanaṃ cetaso ekodibhāvaṃ avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ samādhijaṃ pītisukhaṃ
dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Pītiyā ca virāgā upekkhako ca viharati,
sato ca sampajāno, sukhañca kāyena paṭisaṃvedeti, yaṃ taṃ ariyā ācikkhanti
‘upekkhako satimā sukhavihārī’ti tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati.
Sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā pubbeva somanassadomanassānaṃ
atthaṅgamā adukkhamasukhaṃ upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ
upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, sammāsamādhi. Idaṃ vuccati,
bhikkhave, dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ariyasaccaṃ.
136. “Iti ajjhattaṃ vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā dhammesu
dhammānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati;
samudayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu
viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati. ‘Atthi dhammā’ti
vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya
anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evampi kho, bhikkhave,
bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati catūsu ariyasaccesu.
Saccapabbaṃ
niṭṭhitaṃ.
Dhammānupassanā
niṭṭhitā.
137. “Yo hi koci, bhikkhave, ime cattāro satipaṭṭhāne evaṃ bhāveyya satta
vassāni, tassa dvinnaṃ phalānaṃ aññataraṃ phalaṃ pāṭikaṅkhaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme
aññā; sati vā upādisese anāgāmitā.
“Tiṭṭhantu, bhikkhave, satta vassāni. Yo hi koci bhikkhave, ime cattāro
satipaṭṭhāne evaṃ bhāveyya cha vassāni …pe… pañca vassāni… cattāri vassāni…
tīṇi vassāni… dve vassāni… ekaṃ vassaṃ… tiṭṭhatu, bhikkhave, ekaṃ vassaṃ. Yo
hi koci, bhikkhave, ime cattāro satipaṭṭhāne evaṃ bhāveyya satta māsāni,
tassa dvinnaṃ phalānaṃ aññataraṃ phalaṃ pāṭikaṅkhaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme aññā;
sati vā upādisese anāgāmitā. Tiṭṭhantu, bhikkhave, satta māsāni. Yo hi koci,
bhikkhave, ime cattāro satipaṭṭhāne evaṃ bhāveyya cha māsāni …pe… pañca
māsāni… cattāri māsāni… tīṇi māsāni… dve māsāni… ekaṃ māsaṃ… aḍḍhamāsaṃ…
tiṭṭhatu, bhikkhave, aḍḍhamāso. Yo hi koci, bhikkhave, ime cattāro
satipaṭṭhāne evaṃ bhāveyya sattāhaṃ, tassa dvinnaṃ phalānaṃ aññataraṃ phalaṃ
pāṭikaṅkhaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme aññā sati vā upādisese anāgāmitā”ti.
138. “‘Ekāyano ayaṃ, bhikkhave, maggo sattānaṃ visuddhiyā sokaparidevānaṃ
samatikkamāya dukkhadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamāya ñāyassa adhigamāya nibbānassa
sacchikiriyāya yadidaṃ cattāro satipaṭṭhānā’ti. Iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ
paṭicca vuttan”ti.
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti.
Mahāsatipaṭṭhānasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ dasamaṃ.
Mūlapariyāyavaggo niṭṭhito paṭhamo.
Tassuddānaṃ–
Mūlasusaṃvaradhammadāyādā, bheravānaṅgaṇākaṅkheyyavatthaṃ;
Sallekhasammādiṭṭhisatipaṭṭhaṃ, vaggavaro asamo susamatto.
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