|
|
本經與巴利語聖典《相應部》第12經及《相應部》4-9經《Vipassīsuttaṃ》等諸篇經文的內容完全相同。
本經是佛陀以過去九十一劫的毘婆尸佛成佛之前還是菩薩的時候，在修持內觀時的歷程，來闡釋解脫輪迴的心法；而過去諸佛成佛前還是最後一生菩薩的時候也都同樣如是內觀而成就無上菩提；同樣的，未來的諸佛也必然是一樣的修行。而我們這一代的釋迦牟尼佛世尊已毫無保留地將這一份無上心法公開並傳給了我們，我們更應善自珍惜並依法奉行。
本經中的「正思惟」其實就是「內正思惟」，也就是「內觀」的意思，但並不是概念邏輯的抽象思考或推理，而是一種直觀，一種如實的體悟、體察或領悟。
選譯自《雜阿含經》第366經
喬正一白話譯於西元2020/7/13農曆五月二十三日布薩八關齋戒日
我是這樣聽聞的：
有一次，佛陀暫時住在古印度的舍衛國祇樹給孤獨園林。
當時，世尊對諸比丘說：「過去九十一劫的毘婆尸佛尚未成佛之前，當時的毘婆尸菩薩獨自一人在閑靜之處，專精修持內觀禪思，他作如是內觀：『世間的一切蒼生都有生死，他們自生、自熟、自滅、自沒，然而眾生對於老死之上有一條出世間之道卻不如實知。』
於是，他旋即自我內觀：『究竟是何因、何緣而有此老死的現象？』當他如是正思惟內觀下去，得到如實的直觀，他了悟：『因為有生，故有老死；緣有生，故有老死。』
他又內正思惟(內觀)：『何因、何緣故有「生」的現象？』他又如是內正思惟(內觀)下去，得到如實的直觀，他了悟：『因為有「存有」，故有「生」。』
他又內正思惟(內觀)：『為何有「存有」的現象？』他又如是內正思惟(內觀)下去，得到如實的直觀，他了悟：『因為有「執取」，故有「存有」。』
他又內正思惟(內觀)：『為什麼會有「執取」？』他又如是內正思惟(內觀)下去，得到如實的直觀，他了悟：『因為「愛染」、「眷念」、「依戀」而緣生出「執著(取)」，又因六根接觸六塵境所緣生的「渴愛」、「貪愛」不斷地增長與滋長，所以因「愛」之緣故而有「取」；因「取」之緣故而有「存有」；因「存有」之緣故而有「生」；於是，接連相續有生、老、病、死、憂、悲、惱、苦等週而復始不斷生死輪迴的現象，如是因緣環環相扣，純大苦聚集。』
這種生死流轉的現象，就好比一盞油燈必須具備『燈油』、『燈炷』等因緣，才能點燃燈火，而如果經常添加燈油、整治燈炷，燈火便能常明，得以不停地燃燒，亦如之前我對你們說的《城譬經》一樣。」
當佛陀說完本經之後，諸比丘聽聞佛陀所說的法，都心生歡喜，並依法奉行。
同樣，過去的其他幾尊佛，如尸棄佛、毘濕波浮佛、迦羅迦孫提佛、迦那迦牟尼佛、迦葉佛等等，也都是說一樣的法。
雜阿含366經
如是我聞：
一時，佛住舍衛國祇樹給孤獨園。
爾時，世尊告諸比丘：
「毘婆尸佛未成正覺時，獨一靜處，專精禪思，作如是念：『一切世間皆入生死，自生、自熟，自滅、自沒，而彼眾生於老死之上出世間道不如實知。』
即自觀察：『何緣有此老死？』如是正思惟觀察，得如實無間等起，知：『有生故，有此老死；緣生故，有老死。』
復正思惟：『何緣故有此生？』尋復正思惟，無間等起知：『緣有故，有生。』
尋復正思惟：『何緣故有有？』尋復正思惟，如實無間等起知：『有取故，有有。』
尋復正思惟：『何緣故有取？』尋復正思惟，如實無間等起觀察：『取法味著、顧念，緣觸愛所增長，當知緣愛，取；緣取，有；緣有，生；緣生，老、病、死、憂、悲、惱、苦，如是，純大苦聚集。』
譬如：緣油、炷而然燈，彼時時增油、治炷，彼燈常明，熾然不息，如前來歎譬城譬廣說。」
佛說是經已，諸比丘聞佛所說，歡喜奉行。
如毘婆尸佛，如是，尸棄佛、毘濕波浮佛、迦羅迦孫提佛、迦那迦牟尼佛、迦葉佛皆如是說。
巴利語經文
SN.12.4/(4) Vipassīsuttaṃ
4. Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati …pe… “vipassissa, bhikkhave, bhagavato arahato
sammāsambuddhassa pubbeva sambodhā anabhisambuddhassa bodhisattasseva sato
etadahosi– ‘kicchaṃ vatāyaṃ loko āpanno jāyati ca jīyati ca mīyati ca cavati
ca upapajjati ca. Atha ca panimassa dukkhassa nissaraṇaṃ nappajānāti
jarāmaraṇassa. Kudāssu nāma imassa dukkhassa nissaraṇaṃ paññāyissati
jarāmaraṇassā’”ti?
“Atha kho bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa etadahosi– ‘kimhi nu kho sati
jarāmaraṇaṃ hoti, kiṃpaccayā jarāmaraṇan’ti? Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa
bodhisattassa yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo– ‘jātiyā kho sati
jarāmaraṇaṃ hoti, jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇan’”ti.
“Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa etadahosi– ‘kimhi nu kho sati
jāti hoti, kiṃpaccayā jātī’ti? Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa
yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo– ‘bhave kho sati jāti hoti,
bhavapaccayā jātī’”ti.
“Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa etadahosi– ‘kimhi nu kho sati
bhavo hoti, kiṃpaccayā bhavo’ti? Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa
bodhisattassa yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo– ‘upādāne kho sati
bhavo hoti, upādānapaccayā bhavo’”ti.
“Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa etadahosi– ‘kimhi nu kho sati
upādānaṃ hoti, kiṃpaccayā upādānan’ti? Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa
bodhisattassa yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo– ‘taṇhāya kho sati
upādānaṃ hoti, taṇhāpaccayā upādānan’”ti.
“Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa etadahosi– ‘kimhi nu kho sati
taṇhā hoti, kiṃpaccayā taṇhā’ti? Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa
bodhisattassa yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo– ‘vedanāya kho sati
taṇhā hoti, vedanāpaccayā taṇhā’”ti.
“Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa etadahosi– ‘kimhi nu kho sati
vedanā hoti, kiṃpaccayā vedanā’ti? Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa
bodhisattassa yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo– ‘phasse kho sati
vedanā hoti, phassapaccayā vedanā’”ti.
“Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa etadahosi– ‘kimhi nu kho sati
phasso hoti, kiṃpaccayā phasso’ti? Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa
bodhisattassa yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo– ‘saḷāyatane kho sati
phasso hoti, saḷāyatanapaccayā phasso’”ti.
“Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa etadahosi– ‘kimhi nu kho sati
saḷāyatanaṃ hoti, kiṃpaccayā saḷāyatanan’ti? Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa
bodhisattassa yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo– ‘nāmarūpe kho sati
saḷāyatanaṃ hoti, nāmarūpapaccayā saḷāyatanan’”ti.
“Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa etadahosi– ‘kimhi nu kho sati
nāmarūpaṃ hoti, kiṃpaccayā nāmarūpan’ti? Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa
bodhisattassa yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo– ‘viññāṇe kho sati
nāmarūpaṃ hoti viññāṇapaccayā nāmarūpan’”ti.
“Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa etadahosi– ‘kimhi nu kho sati
viññāṇaṃ hoti, kiṃpaccayā viññāṇan’ti? Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa
bodhisattassa yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo– ‘saṅkhāresu kho sati
viññāṇaṃ hoti, saṅkhārapaccayā viññāṇan’”ti.
“Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa etadahosi ‘kimhi nu kho sati
saṅkhārā honti, kiṃpaccayā saṅkhārā’ti? Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa
bodhisattassa yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo– ‘avijjāya kho sati
saṅkhārā honti, avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārā’”ti.
“Iti hidaṃ avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārā; saṅkhārapaccayā viññāṇaṃ …pe… evametassa
kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hoti. ‘Samudayo, samudayo’ti kho,
bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuṃ
udapādi, ñāṇaṃ udapādi, paññā udapādi, vijjā udapādi, āloko udapādi.
“Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa etadahosi– ‘kimhi nu kho
asati jarāmaraṇaṃ na hoti, kissa nirodhā jarāmaraṇanirodho’ti? Atha kho,
bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo–
‘jātiyā kho asati jarāmaraṇaṃ na hoti, jātinirodhā jarāmaraṇanirodho’”ti.
“Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa etadahosi– ‘kimhi nu kho
asati jāti na hoti kissa nirodhā jātinirodho’ti? Atha kho, bhikkhave,
vipassissa bodhisattassa yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo– ‘bhave
kho asati jāti na hoti, bhavanirodhā jātinirodho’”ti.
“Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa etadahosi– ‘kimhi nu kho
asati bhavo na hoti, kissa nirodhā bhavanirodho’ti? Atha kho, bhikkhave,
vipassissa bodhisattassa yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo– ‘upādāne
kho asati bhavo na hoti, upādānanirodhā bhavanirodho’”ti.
“Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa etadahosi– ‘kimhi nu kho
asati upādānaṃ na hoti, kissa nirodhā upādānanirodho’ti? Atha kho, bhikkhave,
vipassissa bodhisattassa yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo– ‘taṇhāya
kho asati upādānaṃ na hoti, taṇhānirodhā upādānanirodho’”ti.
“Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa etadahosi– ‘kimhi nu kho
asati taṇhā na hoti, kissa nirodhā taṇhānirodho’ti? Atha kho, bhikkhave,
vipassissa bodhisattassa yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo– ‘vedanāya
kho asati taṇhā na hoti, vedanānirodhā taṇhānirodho’”ti.
“Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa etadahosi– ‘kimhi nu kho
asati vedanā na hoti, kissa nirodhā vedanānirodho’ti? Atha kho, bhikkhave,
vipassissa bodhisattassa yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo– ‘phasse
kho asati vedanā na hoti, phassanirodhā vedanānirodho’”ti.
“Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa etadahosi– ‘kimhi nu kho
asati phasso na hoti, kissa nirodhā phassanirodho’ti? Atha kho bhikkhave,
vipassissa bodhisattassa yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo–
‘saḷāyatane kho asati phasso na hoti, saḷāyatananirodhā phassanirodho’”ti.
“Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa etadahosi– ‘kimhi nu kho
asati saḷāyatanaṃ na hoti, kissa nirodhā saḷāyatananirodho’ti? Atha kho,
bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo–
‘nāmarūpe kho asati saḷāyatanaṃ na hoti, nāmarūpanirodhā
saḷāyatananirodho’”ti.
“Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa etadahosi– ‘kimhi nu kho
asati nāmarūpaṃ na hoti, kissa nirodhā nāmarūpanirodho’ti? Atha kho,
bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo–
‘viññāṇe kho asati nāmarūpaṃ na hoti, viññāṇanirodhā nāmarūpanirodho’”ti.
“Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa etadahosi– ‘kimhi nu kho
asati viññāṇaṃ na hoti, kissa nirodhā viññāṇanirodho’ti? Atha kho, bhikkhave,
vipassissa bodhisattassa yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo–
‘saṅkhāresu kho asati viññāṇaṃ na hoti, saṅkhāranirodhā viññāṇanirodho’”ti.
“Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa etadahosi– ‘kimhi nu kho
asati saṅkhārā na honti, kissa nirodhā saṅkhāranirodho’ti Atha kho,
bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo–
‘avijjāya kho asati saṅkhārā na honti, avijjānirodhā saṅkhāranirodho’”ti.
“Iti hidaṃ avijjānirodhā saṅkhāranirodho; saṅkhāranirodhā viññāṇanirodho …pe…
evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hotīti. ‘Nirodho, nirodho’ti
kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuṃ
udapādi, ñāṇaṃ udapādi, paññā udapādi, vijjā udapādi, āloko udapādi”.
Catutthaṃ.
(Sattannampi buddhānaṃ evaṃ vitthāretabbo).
SN.12.5/(5) Sikhīsuttaṃ
5. Sikhissa bhikkhave, bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa …pe…
SN.12.6/(6) Vessabhūsuttaṃ
6. Vessabhussa, bhikkhave, bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa …pe…
SN.12.7/(7) Kakusandhasuttaṃ
7. Kakusandhassa, bhikkhave, bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa …pe…
SN.12.8/(8) Koṇāgamanasuttaṃ
8. Koṇāgamanassa, bhikkhave, bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa …pe…
SN.12.9/(9) Kassapasuttaṃ
9. Kassapassa, bhikkhave, bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa …pe…
|
|
