11.追隨離間僧團的比丘

SaGghAdisesa 11.Sv. 2, saGghAdisesa 11, 1; Vin.III, p175.

  Tasseva kho pana bhikkhussa bhikkhU honti anuvattakA vaggavAdakA, eko vA, dve vA, tayo vA. Te evaM vadeyyuM, mAyasmanto etaM bhikkhuM kiJci avacuttha. DhammavAdI ceso bhikkhu, vinayavAdI ceso bhikkhu, amhAkaJ ceso bhikkhu, chandaJ ca ruciJ ca AdAya voharati, jAnAti no bhAsati, amhAkaM p etaM khamatIti.

Te bhikkhU bhikkhUhi evam assu vacanIyA, mAyasmanto evaM avacuttha. Na c eso bhikkhu dhammavAdI na ceso bhikkhu vinayavAdI. MAyasmantAnampi saGghabhedo ruccittha. Samet AyasmantAnaM saGghena, samaggo hi saGgho sammodamAno avivadamAno. ekuddeso phAsu viharatIti. EvaJ ca te bhikkhU bhikkhUhi vuccamAnA tatheva paggaNheyyuM, te bhikkhU bhikkhUhi yAvatatiyaM samanubhAsitabbA, tassa paTinissaggAya. YAvatatiyaJ ce samanubhAsiyamAnA, taM paTinissajjeyyuM. IccetaM kusalaM. No ce paTinissajjeyyuM, saGghAdiseso ti.

 

    如果說,比丘們有追隨1某位比丘2,加入別眾——一個、兩個或三個,他們這樣說:「大德們,你們不可說這位比丘任何事情。這位比丘宣說法,這位比丘宣說律3,而且這位比丘選我們想要和喜愛的來說,知道告訴我們什麼是適合我們的」。這位比丘應該被比丘們這樣勸:「大德們!不可以這樣說,這位比丘不宣說法,這位比丘不宣說律。也不要破壞大德們的僧團。加入大德們的僧團,和諧的僧團其實是處於歡喜、無諍,一起誦戒、安樂的狀態。」這些比丘被比丘們如此勸後,仍然執迷不悟,這些比丘應該被比丘們勸告三次,為了使他們放棄。如果被勸三次,他們放棄,這樣實在很好。如果他們不放棄,犯僧殘。

因緣

  佛在王捨城竹林精捨時,提婆達多企圖離間僧團、製造糾紛,受到比丘們責難,拘迦利迦等比丘卻追隨提婆達多,加入他的集團,並且為他辯白。

犯相

1.對象:破壞僧團的比丘

2.方式:(1) 加入他的黨派

        (2) 為他辯白

3.結果:受勸三次後,仍不肯悔改

無犯

1.沒有被勸告。

2.受勸三次內悔改。

3.比丘精神失常、情緒不穩定、受病痛所苦。

備註

 

五分律:若比丘助破和合僧,若二、若三、若眾多,語諸比丘言:「是比丘所說,是知說,非不知說。說法,不說非法;說律,不說非律。皆是我等心所忍樂。」諸比丘語彼比丘:「汝莫作是語:是比丘所說,是知說,非不知說。說法,不說非法,說律,不說非律。皆是我等心所忍樂。何以故?是比丘非知說、不說法、不說律。汝莫樂助破和合僧,當樂助和合僧。僧和合故歡喜無諍,一心一學,如水乳合,共弘師教,安樂行。」如是諫,堅持不捨,應第二、第三諫。第二、第三諫,捨是事善,不捨者,僧伽婆屍沙。

僧祇律:若比丘同意相助,若一、若二、若眾多,同語、同見,欲破和合僧,諸比丘諫時,是同意比丘言:「長老,莫說是比丘好惡事,何以故?是法語比丘,律語比丘,是比丘所說、所見,欲忍可事,我等亦欲忍可。是比丘知說,非不知說。」諸比丘應諫言:「長老,莫作是語:是法語比丘,律語比丘。何以故?此非法語比丘、律語比丘。諸長老,莫助破僧事,當樂助和合僧。何以故?僧和合,歡喜不諍,共一學如水乳合,如法說法,照明安樂住。」如是諫時,捨者善。若不捨,應第二、第三諫,捨是事善,若不捨,僧伽婆屍沙。

四分律:若比丘同有餘伴黨,若一、若二、若三,乃至無數。彼比丘語是比丘言:「大德,莫諫此比丘,此比丘是法語比丘,律語比丘。此比丘所說,我等喜樂。此比丘所說,我等忍可。」彼比丘言:「大德,莫作是語,言:此比丘是法語比丘,律語比丘。此比丘所說,我等喜樂。此比丘所說,我等忍可。然此比丘非法語比丘,非律語比丘。大德,莫欲破壞和合僧,汝等當樂欲和合僧。大德,應與僧和合,歡喜不諍,同一師如水乳合,於佛法中,有增益安樂住。」是比丘如是諫時,堅持不捨,彼比丘應三諫,捨此事故。乃至三諫,捨者善,若不捨者,僧伽婆屍沙。

十誦律:是為破和合僧故,懃方便,是比丘有餘比丘,親厚、同意、別異語。若一、若二、若眾多,是同意比丘語諸比丘:「大德,是事中莫諫是比丘,何以故?是法語比丘,善語比丘,是比丘說法,不說非法;說善,不說不善;是比丘知說,非不知說;是比丘所說,皆是我等心所欲。是比丘欲忍可事,我等亦欲忍可。」諸比丘應如是諫是同意比丘:「大德,莫作是語:是法語比丘,善語比丘,是比丘說法,不說非法;說善,不說不善;是比丘知說,非不知說;是比丘所說,皆是我等心所欲。是比丘欲忍可事,我等亦欲忍可。大德,莫樂助破僧事,當樂助和合僧。何以故?僧和合歡喜不諍,一心一學,如水乳合,安樂行。諸大德,當捨破僧同意、別異語。」是同意比丘,諸比丘如是諫時,若堅持是事不捨,諸比丘應第二、第三諫。捨是事好,若不捨者,僧伽婆屍沙。

根有律:若複苾芻,若一、若二、若多,與彼苾芻共為伴黨,同邪,違正,隨順而住。時此苾芻語諸苾芻言:「大德,莫共彼苾芻有所論說,若好、若惡,何以故?彼苾芻是順法律,依法律,語言無虛妄,彼愛樂者,我亦愛樂。」諸苾芻應語此苾芻言:「具壽,莫作是說:彼苾芻是順法律,依法律,語言無虛妄,彼愛樂者,我亦愛樂。何以故?彼苾芻非順法律,不依法律;語言皆虛妄,汝莫樂破僧,當樂和合僧,應與僧和合,歡喜無諍,一心一說,如水乳合,大師教法,令得光顯,安樂久住。具壽,可捨破僧惡見,順邪,違正,勸作諍事,堅執而住。」諸苾芻如是諫時,捨者善,若不捨者,應可再三殷勤正諫,隨教應詰,令捨是事,捨者善,若不捨者,僧伽伐屍沙。

I. B. Horner: If a monk has monks: one or two or three, who throw in their lot with him or take his part, and if these should speak thus: ‘Do not, venerable ones, say anything against this monk; this monk is none who speaks dhamma, this monk is one who speaks vinaya; and this monk, adopting our desire and objective, gives expression to them; he knows that what he says for us seems also good to us. ‘ These monks should be spoken to thus by monks: ‘Do not, venerable ones, speak thus. This monk is not one who speaks dhamma, this monk is not one who speaks vinaya, Please do not let a schism in the Order seem good to the venerable ones; let the venerable ones be at one with the Order, for the Order being harmonious and on friendly terms, not quarrelsome, dwells comfortably under one rule. ‘ If these monks having been spoken to by the monks should persist, then these monks should be admonished up to three times by these monks in a body, for giving up their course. If these, having been admonished up to three times, should give it up, that is good; if they should not give it up, that is an offence entailing a formal meeting of the Order.

注釋:

 1.anuvattakA:跟隨、追隨。〈語詞解釋〉175頁:「在見解(diTThika)、主張(khantika)、目標( rucika)上的認同」。因此這裡的跟隨並不是跟在某比丘身邊,而是接受他的思想。

 2.〈語詞解釋〉說明是破和合僧的比丘。

 3.dhammavAdI ceso bhikkhu vinayavAdI ceso bhikkhu,這位比丘宣說法,並且這位比丘宣說律。vAdI從動詞vadati(講、說)而來,有「主張」「宣說」的意思。