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本經與巴利聖典《相應部》第22經、101經,以及巴利聖典《增支部》第7經第71篇等經文的內容完全相同。
本經的內容無上尊貴,重點說明:只要依照正確的修行方法按部就班實際修持,就算內心沒有解脫的渴求,最終也會達到解脫的成就。因為,這就是自然的法則。
選譯自《雜阿含經》第263經
喬正一白話譯於西元2018/5/22農曆4月初8之布薩八關齋戒日
我是這樣聽聞的:
有一次,佛陀暫時住在古印度的拘留國雜色牧牛聚落中。
當時,佛陀對諸比丘說:「我因正知、正見的緣故而證得諸漏盡(斷盡一切的煩惱),這種成就絕非不具正知見者所能達到。
什麼是正知、正見?就是以觀智清楚觀照五蘊的因緣聚合生滅【無常、苦、無我】,例如:清楚觀照這是色蘊,這是色蘊生起及其生起的原因,這是色蘊的消滅;其餘如受……想……行……識等皆可以此類推。
可是,如果比丘只是單方面空想祈求:『令我諸漏盡,心得解脫。』,然而他卻不依照正確的修行方法按部就班身體力行實際修持,那麼他想要斷除一切的煩惱也只是一廂情願的癡人說夢而已。
什麼是正確的方法?簡單講,就是『三十七菩提分』,內容略為:四念處、四正勤、四如意足、五根、五力、七覺支、八正道。
這就好比有一隻母雞生了一窩的雞蛋,但母雞卻不好好照顧牠的雞蛋,也不隨時孵卵;如果這隻母雞期待牠的小雞能以自己的嘴及爪子破殼而出,也只是癡人說夢。因為,這隻母雞平時並沒有善盡其責好好孵卵,當然就不可能順利孵出小雞。
同樣的道理,比丘如果只是單方面空想祈求:『令我諸漏盡,心得解脫。』,然而他卻不依照正確的修行方法(三十七菩提分)按部就班身體力行實際修持,那麼他想要斷除一切的煩惱也只是一廂情願的癡人說夢而已。
但如果依照正確的修行方法(三十七菩提分)按部就班身體力行實際修持,就算他不祈求漏盡解脫,最終自然還是會達到解脫的成就。為什麼會這樣?因為這名比丘依循正確的修行之道,如三十七菩提分,自然就會有此解脫的成果。
猶如母雞生了一窩的雞蛋,平時好好照顧牠的雞蛋,也隨時孵卵;就算這隻母雞並沒有期待牠的小雞能以自己的嘴及爪子破殼而出,最終還是能順利孵出小雞。
又譬如專業的石匠師傅及其弟子,經常手執斧柄工作,而斧柄處因長期被他們的手指摸觸而漸漸磨損,並出現了指痕,但他們卻未曾察覺斧柄已被磨損,且已出現了指痕。同樣的道理,如果比丘能依照正確的修行方法精勤修習,即使他不知:『我的煩惱今天到底已滅盡了多少?昨天滅掉多少?之前又滅去了多少?』然而當他已徹底滅盡了煩惱時,他自然就會知道他已滅盡了一切煩惱。
又譬如停泊在海邊的大船,船舶被藤綴牢牢地給綁在港口旁,在經過盛夏六月風吹日曬的侵襲之後,該藤綴便漸漸腐蝕斷裂;同理,當比丘能專心反覆努力修習時,則他的一切結、縛、使、煩惱、纏等雜染無明,便能漸漸斷除解脫,如同藤綴漸漸腐蝕斷裂而止息。」
當佛陀說完此法時,在場有六十名比丘不起諸漏,心得解脫,證得阿羅漢果。
諸比丘聽聞佛陀所說的法,都心生歡喜,並依法奉行。
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雜阿含263經
如是我聞:
一時,佛住拘留國雜色牧牛聚落。
爾時,佛告諸比丘:
「我以知、見故,得諸漏盡,非不知見。
云何以知、見故,得諸漏盡,非不知見?謂:此色,此色集,此色滅;此受……想……行……識,此識集,此識滅。
不修方便隨順成就,而用心求:『令我諸漏盡,心得解脫。』當知彼比丘終不能得漏盡解脫,所以者何?不修習故。不修習何等?謂:不修習念處、正勤、如意足、根、力、覺、道。
譬如:伏雞生子眾多,不能隨時蔭餾,消息冷暖,而欲令子以觜、以爪啄卵自生,安隱出㲉,當知彼子無有自力,堪能方便以觜、以爪安隱出㲉,所以者何?以彼雞母不能隨時蔭餾冷暖,長養子故,如是,比丘不勤修習,隨順成就,而欲令得漏盡解脫,無有是處,所以者何?不修習故。不修何等?謂:不修念處、正勤、如意足、根、力、覺、道。
若比丘修習隨順成就者,雖不欲令漏盡解脫,而彼比丘自然漏盡,心得解脫,所以者何?以修習故。何所修習?謂:修念處、正勤、如意足、根、力、覺、道。
如:彼伏雞善養其子,隨時蔭餾,冷暖得所,正復不欲令子方便自啄卵出,然其諸子自能方便安隱出㲉,所以者何?
以彼伏雞隨時蔭餾,冷暖得所故,如是,比丘善修方便,正復不欲漏盡解脫,而彼比丘自然漏盡,心得解脫,所以者何?以勤修習故。何所修習?謂:修念處、正勤、如意足、根、力、覺、道。
譬如:巧師、巧師弟子手執斧柯,捉之不已,漸漸微盡,手指處現,然彼不覺斧柯微盡,而盡處現,如是,比丘精勤修習隨順成就,不自知、見今日爾所漏盡,明日爾所漏盡,然彼比丘知有漏盡,所以者何?以修習故。何所修習?謂修習念處、正勤、如意足、根、力、覺、道。
譬如:大舶在於海邊,經夏六月,風飄、日暴,藤綴漸斷,如是,比丘精勤修習,隨順成就,一切結、縛、使、煩惱、纏,漸得解脫,所以者何?善修習故。何所修習?謂修習念處、正勤、如意足、根、力、覺、道。」
說是法時,六十比丘不起諸漏,心得解脫。
佛說此經已,諸比丘聞佛所說,歡喜奉行。
巴利語經文
SN.22.101/(9). Vāsijaṭasuttaṃ
101. Sāvatthinidānaṃ “Jānato ahaṃ, bhikkhave, passato āsavānaṃ khayaṃ vadāmi,
no ajānato no apassato. Kiñca, bhikkhave, jānato kiṃ passato āsavānaṃ khayo
hoti? ‘Iti rūpaṃ, iti rūpassa samudayo, iti rūpassa atthaṅgamo; iti vedanā…
iti saññā… iti saṅkhārā… iti viññāṇaṃ, iti viññāṇassa samudayo, iti
viññāṇassa atthaṅgamo’ti– evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, jānato evaṃ passato āsavānaṃ
khayo hoti”.
“Bhāvanānuyogaṃ ananuyuttassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno viharato kiñcāpi evaṃ
icchā uppajjeyya– ‘aho vata me anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimucceyyā’ti, atha
khvassa neva anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimuccati. Taṃ kissa hetu?
‘Abhāvitattā’ tissa vacanīyaṃ. Kissa abhāvitattā? Abhāvitattā catunnaṃ
satipaṭṭhānānaṃ, abhāvitattā catunnaṃ sammappadhānānaṃ, abhāvitattā catunnaṃ
iddhipādānaṃ, abhāvitattā pañcannaṃ indriyānaṃ, abhāvitattā pañcannaṃ
balānaṃ, abhāvitattā sattannaṃ bojjhaṅgānaṃ, abhāvitattā ariyassa
aṭṭhaṅgikassa maggassa.
“Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, kukkuṭiyā aṇḍāni aṭṭha vā dasa vā dvādasa vā.
Tānassu kukkuṭiyā na sammā adhisayitāni, na sammā pariseditāni, na sammā
paribhāvitāni. Kiñcāpi tassā kukkuṭiyā evaṃ icchā uppajjeyya– ‘aho, vata me
kukkuṭapotakā pādanakhasikhāya vā mukhatuṇḍakena vā aṇḍakosaṃ padāletvā
sotthinā abhinibbhijjeyyun’ti, atha kho abhabbāva te kukkuṭapotakā
pādanakhasikhāya vā mukhatuṇḍakena vā aṇḍakosaṃ padāletvā sotthinā
abhinibbhijjituṃ. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tathā hi pana, bhikkhave, kukkuṭiyā aṇḍāni
aṭṭha vā dasa vā dvādasa vā; tāni kukkuṭiyā na sammā adhisayitāni, na sammā
pariseditāni, na sammā paribhāvitāni. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, bhāvanānuyogaṃ
ananuyuttassa bhikkhuno viharato kiñcāpi evaṃ icchā uppajjeyya– ‘aho, vata
me anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimucceyyā’ti, atha khvassa neva anupādāya
āsavehi cittaṃ vimuccati. Taṃ kissa hetu? ‘Abhāvitattā’tissa vacanīyaṃ.
Kissa abhāvitattā? Abhāvitattā catunnaṃ satipaṭṭhānānaṃ …pe… aṭṭhaṅgikassa
maggassa.
“Bhāvanānuyogaṃ anuyuttassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno viharato kiñcāpi na evaṃ
icchā uppajjeyya– ‘aho vata me anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimucceyyā’ti, atha
khvassa anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimuccati. Taṃ kissa hetu?
‘Bhāvitattā’tissa vacanīyaṃ. Kissa bhāvitattā? Bhāvitattā catunnaṃ
satipaṭṭhānānaṃ, bhāvitattā catunnaṃ sammappadhānānaṃ, bhāvitattā catunnaṃ
iddhipādānaṃ, bhāvitattā pañcannaṃ indriyānaṃ, bhāvitattā pañcannaṃ balānaṃ,
bhāvitattā sattannaṃ bojjhaṅgānaṃ, bhāvitattā ariyassa aṭṭhaṅgikassa
maggassa.
“Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, kukkuṭiyā aṇḍāni aṭṭha vā dasa vā dvādasa vā.
Tānassu kukkuṭiyā sammā adhisayitāni, sammā pariseditāni, sammā
paribhāvitāni Kiñcāpi tassā kukkuṭiyā na evaṃ icchā uppajjeyya– ‘aho vata me
kukkuṭapotakā pādanakhasikhāya vā mukhatuṇḍakena vā aṇḍakosaṃ padāletvā
sotthinā abhinibbhijjeyyun’ti, atha kho bhabbāva te kukkuṭapotakā
pādanakhasikhāya vā mukhatuṇḍakena vā aṇḍakosaṃ padāletvā sotthinā
abhinibbhijjituṃ. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tathā hi pana, bhikkhave, kukkuṭiyā aṇḍāni
aṭṭha vā dasa vā dvādasa vā; tānassu kukkuṭiyā sammā adhisayitāni, sammā
pariseditāni, sammā paribhāvitāni. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, bhāvanānuyogaṃ
anuyuttassa bhikkhuno viharato kiñcāpi na evaṃ icchā uppajjeyya– ‘aho vata
me anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimucceyyā’ti, atha khvassa anupādāya āsavehi
cittaṃ vimuccati. Taṃ kissa hetu? ‘Bhāvitattā’tissa vacanīyaṃ. Kissa
bhāvitattā? Bhāvitattā catunnaṃ satipaṭṭhānānaṃ …pe… bhāvitattā ariyassa
aṭṭhaṅgikassa maggassa.
“Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, palagaṇḍassa vā palagaṇḍantevāsissa vā vāsijaṭe
dissanteva aṅgulipadāni dissati aṅguṭṭhapadaṃ. No ca khvassa evaṃ ñāṇaṃ hoti–
‘ettakaṃ vata me ajja vāsijaṭassa khīṇaṃ, ettakaṃ hiyyo, ettakaṃ pare’ti.
Atha khvassa khīṇe khīṇantveva ñāṇaṃ hoti. Evameva kho, bhikkhave,
bhāvanānuyogaṃ anuyuttassa bhikkhuno viharato kiñcāpi na evaṃ ñāṇaṃ hoti–
‘ettakaṃ vata me ajja āsavānaṃ khīṇaṃ, ettakaṃ hiyyo, ettakaṃ pare’ti, atha
khvassa khīṇe khīṇantveva ñāṇaṃ hoti. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, sāmuddikāya
nāvāya vettabandhanabaddhāya vassamāsāni udake pariyādāya hemantikena thalaṃ
ukkhittāya vātātapaparetāni vettabandhanāni. Tāni pāvusakena meghena
abhippavuṭṭhāni appakasireneva paṭippassambhanti pūtikāni bhavanti; evameva
kho, bhikkhave, bhāvanānuyogaṃ anuyuttassa bhikkhuno viharato appakasireneva
saṃyojanāni paṭippassambhanti pūtikāni bhavantī”ti. Navamaṃ.
AN.7.71/ 7. Bhāvanāsuttaṃ
71. “Bhāvanaṃ ananuyuttassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno viharato……(以下同SN.22.101,編譯者刪略)
saṃyojanāni paṭippassambhanti, pūtikāni bhavantī”ti. Sattamaṃ.
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